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patho exam 1 > ch 8 > Flashcards

ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the factors for infection

A 
communicability
immunogenitcity
infectivity
pathogenicity
mechanism of action
portal of entry
toxigenicity
vilrulence
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2
Q

what is communicability

A

ability to spread from one individual to others and cause disease

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3
Q

what is immunogenicity

A

ability of pathogens to induce an immune response

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4
Q

what is infectivity

A

ability of pathogen to invade and multiple in the host

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5
Q

what is pathogenicity

A

ability of an agent to product disease

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6
Q

what is mechanism of action

A

how the microorganism damages tissue

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7
Q

what is portal of entry

A

route by which a pathogenic microorganism infects the host

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8
Q

what is toxigenicity

A

ability to produce soluble toxin or endotoxins

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9
Q

what is virulence

A

capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease

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10
Q

what is hypersensitivity

A

an exaggerated and harmful immune response

too much immune response

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11
Q

what are the 3 categories of hypersensitivity

A

allergy
autoimmunity
alloimmunity

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12
Q

whats allergy

A

exaggerated immune response to an environmental antigens

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13
Q

what are some types of allergies

A

medicines
pollens
bee stings
infectious agents

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14
Q

what is autoimmunity

A

immune response to self antigens

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15
Q

what is alloimmunity

A

immune response to antigens from another member of the same species

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16
Q

what are examples of of alloimmunity

A

reaction against transfusions, transplanted tissue, fetus during pregnancy

17
Q

what are the 3 mechanisms of hypersensitivity

A

original exposure to antigen
genetic makeup determines susceptibility
an immunological process boosts response

18
Q

what is type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE reactions

19
Q

what are immediate hypersenstivity reactions

A

allergies

20
Q

what is anaphylaxis

A

severe form of allergic reaction

21
Q

what is delayed hypersensitivity reaction

A

poison ivy

22
Q

what is the role of type 1

A

type of antibody that contributes most to allergic and anaphylactic reactions

23
Q

what is the first exposure mechanism of type 1

A

allergen stimulates B cells to produce IgE antibodies which bind mast cells near blood vessels

24
Q

what is the re-exposure mechanism of type 1

A

allergen binds to IgE which causes degranulation mast cell- histamine, triggering inflammation

25
Q

what are clinical indications of type 1

A 
skin- flushing hives itching edema
respiratory- breathing difficulty 
cardiovascular- increase HR,BP,
GI-cramping, diarrhea
nervous system- dizziness, convulsions
26
Q

what are evaluations and treatment for type 1

A

IgE mediated hypersensitivity tests

desensitization-inject small amounts allergen with increasing amounts over time

27
Q

what is type 2 hypersenivity

A

tissue specific antigens

exist of cells of only some body tissues and immune response affects only organs and tissues that present antigen

28
Q

what are mechanisms of type 2

A
  • activation of complement cascade
  • clearnace of target cells by macrophages
  • toxic products produced by neutrophils damage tissue
  • antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
  • antibody binds receptor sites on target cell causing cell to malfunction
29
Q

what is an example of target cell malfunction

A

graves

hyperthroidism

30
Q

what is type 3 hypersensitivity

A

immune complex mediated reactions

igG

31
Q

what are the mechanisms of type 3

A

antigen-antibody complex reaction attaches to blood vessel walls which activation compliment leads to tissue damage
attracts neutrophils that release large amount of damaging lysosomal enzymes into tissues

32
Q

what are system reactions of type 2

A

serum sickness- fever enlarged lymph nodes, rash pain

33
Q

what are local reaction to immune complex arthus reaction

A

edema
hemorrhage
clotting
tissue damage

34
Q

what is raynaud phenomenon

A

temperature dependent deposition of immune coomplexes in the capillary beds of peripheral circulation

35
Q

what is type 4 hypersenstivity

A

T cell mediated tissue reaction

36
Q

what is direct cell mediated cytotoxcitiy

A

CD8 cytotoxic t lymphocytes directly kill antigen presenting target cell

37
Q

what are delayed type hypersensitivity disorders

A

lymphokine- producting T cells activate other cell that act as APC
-TB test 24-72 hours for maximum intensity
allergic contact dermatitis - posison ivy, reexposure to previously allergen,
latex allergy

patho exam 1 (5 decks)

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