ch 2

Question 1

what are somatic cells and diploid cell

Answer 1

contain 46 chromosomes

diploid chromosome has 2 chromate

Question 2

what are gametes and haploid cell

Answer 2

contain 23 chromosomes

haploid each chromosome have 1 chromate

Question 3

what is meiosis

Answer 3

formation of haploid cells from diploid cells

Question 4

what is mitosis

Answer 4

formation of somatic cells

Question 5

what are autosomes

Answer 5

the first 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in males and females

Question 6

what are sex chromosomes

Answer 6

remaining pair of chromosome

Question 7

what is a triploidy

Answer 7

a zygote having three copies of each chromosome

Question 8

what is a tetraploidy

Answer 8

four copies of each

Question 9

what is chromosome aberrations

Answer 9

leading cause of mental retardation and miscarriage

Question 10

what is aneuploidy

Answer 10

a somatic cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosmes

Question 11

a cell containing 3 copies of one chromosome is

Answer 11

trisomy - down syndrome

Question 12

what is disjunction

Answer 12

normal separation of chromosome during cell division

Question 13

what is nondisjunction

Answer 13

usually the cause of aneuploidy

failure of homologies chromosomes to separate normally during meisois or mitosis

Question 14

what is down sydnrome

Answer 14

trisomy 21 auosomal aneuploidy

Question 15

how many babies are affected with down syndrome

Answer 15

1- 800/1000 births

Question 16

what are manifestation of down syndrome

Answer 16

mental retardation
characteristic facial features
cardiovascular problems

Question 17

what do people with down syndrome at increased risk for

Answer 17

development of congenital heart disease, acute leukemia and alzheimers disease

Question 18

the risk for having a down syndrome baby

Answer 18

risk increases with maternal age- may be related to age of oocyte

Question 19

what is trisomy X

Answer 19

a female that has 3 X chromosomes

Question 20

what are the symptoms of trisomy X

Answer 20

sterility
menstrual irregularity
mental retardation

symptoms worsen with each additional X

Question 21

what is turner syndrome

Answer 21

females with only one X chromosome

Question 22

what are manifestations of turner syndrome

Answer 22

short statue
stocky built
crest chest
lack of breast development
congenital heart defects

Question 23

how can you treat turners syndrome

Answer 23

growth hormone

estrogen

Question 24

what happens with 99% of turners syndrome

Answer 24

spontaneoulsy aborted in first trimester

Question 25

what is klinefelter syndrome

Answer 25

individuals with at least two X and one Y chromosome

Question 26

what is one of most common genetic abnomality

Answer 26

klinefelters syndrome

Question 27

what are manifestations of klinefelters syndrome

Answer 27

tall stature
enlarged beats
sparse body and facial hair
small testes
inabilty to produce sperm

Question 28

how can we treat klinefelters syndrome

Answer 28

testosterone