Ch. 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Brain process that creates mental representations of the world and current thoughts; dynamic and continuous

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

Brain processes of which we are aware

A

Conscious

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3
Q

Many levels of processing that occur without awareness

A

Unconscious

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4
Q

Information not currently in consciousness; can be brought into consciousness if attention is called to it, similar to long term memory

A

Freud’s Preconscious

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5
Q

What is James’s stream of consciousness?

A

Awareness of ourselves and stimulation’s from our environment

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6
Q

What are the two levels of James’s stream of consciousness?

A
  1. Area of focus (what we are attending to)

2. Peripheral consciousness (feelings and associations that give meaning and context to focus)

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7
Q

Computer metaphor; consciousness is the information and images that “appear on the screen”; nonconscious is the machinery quietly operating in the background in parallel with consciousness

A

Modern Cognitive Perspective of Consciousness

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8
Q

What does consciousness do for us?

A
  1. Restricts attention
  2. Mental “meeting place”
  3. Create mental model of world
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9
Q

Mildly altered state of consciousness; attention shifts inward to memories, desires, fantasies; active frontal and temporal lobe

A

Daydreaming

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10
Q

Bodily patterns that repeat approximately every 24 hours

A

Circadian Rhythm (sleep)

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11
Q

What part of the brain manages sleep?

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Why do we sleep?

A
  1. To conserve energy
  2. To restore the body and mind
  3. To flush out useless information from the brain
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13
Q

Marked by bursts of rapid eye movement under closed eyelids; voluntary muscles are immobile and dreaming occurs

A

REM Sleep

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14
Q

Deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one requires for optimal functioning

A

Sleep Debt

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15
Q

What is the Activation-Synthesis Theory?

A

Theory that dreams begin with random electrical activation coming from brain stem; dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of this random activity

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16
Q

The inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousals, or early awakenings

A

Insomnia

17
Q

Respiratory disorder in which person intermittently stops breathing while asleep

A

Sleep Apnea

18
Q

Screaming child in deep sleep; once awake, child has no memory of events that occurred

A

Night terrors

19
Q

Involves sudden REM sleep attacks accompanied by cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle control)

A

Narcolepsy

20
Q

Induced state of altered awareness, characterized by heightened suggestibility and deep relaxation

A

Hypnosis

21
Q

Degree to which an individual is responsive to hypnotic suggestions

A

Hypnotizability

22
Q

Form of consciousness change induced by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body positions, and minimizing external stimulation

A

Meditation

23
Q

Chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by means of their effects on the brain

A

Psychoactive Drugs

24
Q

Condition in which a person continues to use a drug despite its adverse effects

A

Addiction

25
Q

Reduced effectiveness a drug has after repeated use

A

Tolerance

26
Q

Process by which the body adjusts to, and comes to need, a drug for its everyday functioning

A

Physical dependence

27
Q

A desire to obtain or use a drug

A

Psychological dependence

28
Q

A pattern of uncomfortable or painful physical symptoms and cravings experienced by the user when the level of drug is decreased or eliminated

A

Withdrawal

29
Q

Substance that suppresses consciousness and awareness of pain; usually includes sedation and immobility, no memory for the period of time

A

General Anesthetics