Ch. 7 Flashcards
The psychology of growth, change, and consistency through the lifespan; examines how both heredity and environment influence perspectives
Developmental Psychology
Heredity vs. environment
Nature-Nurture
What innate abilities does the infant possess?
Newborns have innate abilities for finding nourishment, avoiding harmful situations, and interaction with others—all of which facilitate survival
The developmental period before birth
Prenatal Period
What are teratogens?
Toxic substances that can damage the developing organism
What innate reflexes do infants have?
Postural reflex, grasping reflex, rooting reflex, stepping reflex
The unfolding of genetically programmed processes of growth and development over time
Maturation
Emotional relationship between child and parent
Attachment
Structure in the brain innately programmed with some of the fundamental rules of grammar
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
The process by which mental abilities emerge and change over time
Cognitive Development
What is Piaget’s stage theory?
- Schemas
- Interaction of Assimilation and Accommodation
- Stages of Cognitive Development
Mental structures that guide your interpretation of concepts and events
schemas
Mental process that incorporates new information into existing schemas
Assimilation
Mental process that modifies schemas in order to accommodate new information
Accommodation
What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
- Sensorimotor
- Pre operational
- Concrete operational
- Formal operational
Seeing things only from one’s own perspective
Egocentrism
Focusing only on one feature
Centration
Beliefs, desires, and emotions different from another’s; underlies your expectations about how people will act in certain situations
Theory of Mind
An individual’s hard-wired pattern of personality and behavior
Temperament
The lifelong process of shaping an individual’s behavior patterns, values, standards, skills, attitudes, and motives to conform to those regarded as desirable in a particular society
Socialization
What are the four parenting styles?
Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved
Social rituals that usually take place at about the time of puberty and serve as a public acknowledgement of the transition from childhood to adulthood
Rites of Passage
Onset of sexual maturity
Puberty
Process of trimming unused brain connections, making neurons available for future development
Synaptic Pruning
Process by which ordinarily good people can do evil deeds by temporarily suspending their morality
Moral Disengagement
A sense of who one is—a coherent self
Identity
Capacity to make a full commitment
Intimacy
Inability to connect with others in meaningful ways
Isolation
A transition period between adolescence and adulthood
Emerging adulthood
To make meaningful and lasting contributions to family, work, society, or future generations
Generativity
The ability to look back on life without regrets and to enjoy a sense of wholeness
Ego-Integrity
