Ch 8 Flashcards
What is the title of the chapter?
Chapter 8 - Counselling.
What is the definition of counselling?
A process that uses communication skills to help clients/patients make informed decisions.
What is the difference between consultation and counselling?
Consultation: A dialogue that leads to a decision. Counselling: Helping a person or group develop self-help skills.
What are the five things that must be established after each consultation session?
- Discover the reasons for the patient’s attendance. 2. Define the clinical problem (e.g., hypertension, diabetes). 3. Address the patient’s problem (details). 4. Explain the problem to the patient. 5. Make effective use of the consultation.
What are the principles of good counselling?
Treat each client well. Interact actively. Provide the right amount of information. Tailor and personalize the information. Use memory aids. Meet the client’s expectations. Maintain confidentiality.
What elements should be considered when preparing a counselling session?
Physical setting (privacy, lighting, temperature). Timing (45-60 minutes). Interpersonal space (4-9 feet).
What are the criteria for a good physical setting for counselling?
Privacy: A quiet, calm place with no interruptions. Proper lighting and temperature.
What is the ideal distance between the counsellor and the client?
4-9 feet.
What are the stages of the counselling process?
- Initiating the session. 2. Gathering information. 3. Building a relationship. 4. Explanation and planning. 5. Closing the session.
What steps are involved in initiating the session?
Establish initial rapport (greet, introduce yourself, show respect). Identify the reasons for the consultation (listen attentively, confirm the list of problems, negotiate the agenda).
How is information gathered from the patient?
Encourage the patient to tell their story. Use open and closed questioning techniques. Listen attentively. Clarify the patient’s statements. Summarize periodically.
How can a good relationship with the patient be built?
Use appropriate non-verbal behavior (eye contact, posture). Develop rapport (accept the patient’s views, provide support). Involve the patient (explain the rationale, ask for permission during physical examination).
How should information be provided to the patient effectively?
Assess the patient’s starting point. Ask the patient what additional information they need. Provide explanations at the appropriate time.
How can the patient be helped to remember and understand information?
Organize the explanation. Use simple language. Use visual aids. Check the patient’s understanding.
How can shared understanding with the patient be achieved?
Provide opportunities for the patient to contribute. Pick up on verbal and non-verbal cues. Elicit the patient’s beliefs, reactions, and feelings.
How is shared decision-making done with the patient?
Encourage the patient to share their thoughts. Negotiate an acceptable plan. Offer choices. Check if the patient accepts the plan and if their concerns have been addressed.
What steps are involved in closing the session?
Forward planning (agree on next steps, explain possible unexpected outcomes). Ensure appropriate closure (summarize the session, check the patient’s satisfaction with the plan).
What are the elements of counselling according to GATHER?
Greet. Ask. Tell. Help. Explain. Return visit.
How should the client be greeted?
Give the client your full attention. Be polite, friendly, and respectful. Introduce yourself and offer a seat. Ask how you can help. Conduct counselling privately.
What questions should be asked to the client?
Reasons for coming. Their experience with the health issue. Information needed to complete client records. Questions about the client and their family, if appropriate.
How should information be communicated to the client?
Help the client make decisions. Use open, simple, and brief questions. Listen actively. Provide simple, correct, and relevant information.
How can the client be helped to understand their options?
Help the client think about the outcomes of each choice. Ask if the client needs clarification. Check the client’s understanding.
How should procedures be explained to the client?
Provide supplies if needed. Explain possible side effects and how to handle them. Ask the client to repeat instructions. Provide printed materials if possible.
What should be done during a return visit?
Check if the client is using the treatment correctly. Ask if the client has any questions or concerns. Help the client handle any problems. Refer the client to specialized care if needed.
What is the importance of communication skills?
Communication skills can make the difference between being hired and fired.
What is the ‘gold standard’ in teaching communication skills?
Role modeling.
What is the ‘silver standard’ in teaching communication skills?
Role play.
What is the key to being a good doctor?
Being a good communicator.
