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Introduction to Radiologic & Imaging Sciences / Ethics > Ch. 8 > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The component of the radiographic system that produces radiation is the:

What is it made of?

A
  • x ray tube
  • made of pyrex glass & encased in a sturdy, lead lined metal housing with large high voltage electrical cables attached at each end
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2
Q

The selection of radiographic exposure factors such as mAs and kVp is performed at the operator:

A

Control Console

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3
Q

The quality of electrons for x ray exposure is determined by the mAs. This is calculated by:

A

Multiplying the milliamperage by the exposure time

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4
Q

The primary components of the x ray tube; important to x ray production are the:

A

Anode & Cathode

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5
Q

True digital image receptors are referred to as:

A

Flat Panel Detectors

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6
Q

All of the following are typical features of radiographic tables except:
A) they have motorized, variable height adjustment
B) they permit four way floating tabletop mobility
C) the tabletop materials offer high attenuation to lower patient dose
D) they have electric or cos on table top monitors

A

C) The tabletop materials offer high attenuation to lower patient dose

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7
Q

Component that supports and permits the x ray tube to be moved in different directions

A

Tube stand or overhead tube crane

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8
Q

In a fluoroscopic system, the surface or face of the fluoroscopic detector is considered the:

A

Primary Barrier

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9
Q

Anode

A

Positive electrode of the x ray tube

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10
Q

Cathode

A

Negative electrode of the x ray tube

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11
Q

What is diagnostic efficacy?

A

Accuracy of diagnostic information on a medical image

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12
Q

Kilovoltage Peak is ____

A

Speed & Penetration
- As kVp increases so does penetration
- correct kVp can vary based on patients thickness, body part, and examination type

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13
Q

Milliampere- Seconds

A

Indicates the amount of current supplied to the x ray tube

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14
Q

Thermionic Emission

A

as electrical current passes through the filament wire it’s temperature increases to the point of “boiling off” electrons

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15
Q

When are manual exposure typically used?

A

Tabletop Procedures

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16
Q

X Ray tube systems come in two designs, what are they?

A

Flour mounted tube stands & ceiling-suspended OTC’s

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17
Q

Definition of tube angulation?

A

Pivoting the tube at the point where it is attached to its support, measure and displayed in degrees

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18
Q

ALARA

A

as low as reasonably achievable

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19
Q

All radiation by the receptor is referred as _____

A

Remnant Radiation ( Remanence )

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20
Q

The image receptor is considered a _____ to the x ray beam, and fluoroscopic exposures are allowed only when the fluoroscopic x ray tube and image receptor are locked in place and centered.

A

Primary Barrier

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21
Q

Manipulation of medical images after they have been acquired through x ray exposure in order to improve image quality and diagnostic yield is ______

A

Post-processing

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22
Q

Undesirable image quality characteristics that shows image graininess and a loss in visual acuity; most often the result of underexposure to the receptor

A

Quantum Mottle

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23
Q

What method is used to create real-time images for the study of the dynamic action of the human body?

A

Fluoroscopy

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24
Q

X ray system basic design features include…… (6)

A
  • x ray tube & support system
  • collimator assembly
  • x ray table
  • x ray generator
  • control console
  • upright image receptor holding device
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25
Q

What is the cathode filament typical made of?

A

Tightly wound tungsten wire helix

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26
Q

Radiolucent

A

Material that easily transmits x ray energy with very little absorption

27
Q

Radiopaque

A

Material that absorbs x ray energy, predominantly through the photoelectric effect

28
Q

The power of an x ray system is rated in kilowatts and expressed numerically typically ranging from _____

A

30 to 100 kW

29
Q

All of the following are the of fluoroscopy EXCEPT:
A) The lead protective apron attached to the fluoroscopic carriage is of little value in reducing operator dose

B) It permits “real life” imaging dynamic patient functions

C) Modern day fluoroscopy systems record images electronically rather than using cassettes

D) Dose reduction features such as late image hold, pulsed fluoroscopy, & electronic shuttering are essential

A

The lead protective apron attached to the fluoroscopic carriage is of little value in reducing operator dose

30
Q

Inadequate mAs for an exposure can result in digital image quality that demonstrates graininess or…….

A

Guantum Mottle

31
Q

What is; two exposures to be taken of a patients anatomy?
One at a very low kVp and one at a higher kVp.
The lower kVp exposure will allow better visualization of _____ and the higher kVp exposure penetrates dense patient anatomy more uniformly and demonstrates _______

A
  • Dual Energy Subtraction Radiography
  • Calcification
  • Soft Tissue Structures
32
Q

Mobile systems do not have a fixed control booth so what is the exposure switch attached to in order to maximize distance from the patient during the exposure? What is the length?

A

Coiled Cord ; 6 ft

33
Q

CT scanners acquire images in what plane? How many images?

A

Transverse and hundreds

34
Q

What position are patients in for a CT scan?

A

Laying down, Supine

35
Q

trendelenburg position

A

Lying down head lower than the feet

36
Q

The CT _____ encloses all of the x-ray generating equipment needed to produce a CT image and is the most visible feature to patients.

A

Gantry

37
Q

What technology assesses bone health and bone material density? What is the medical condition called in women that typically need these scans?

A
  • Dual Emission X Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
  • Osteoporosis
38
Q

Mammography is breast imaging. Breast compression is an essential feature of mammography in order to create a more ____ tissue thickness, and press breast tissue structures closer to the image receptor to minimize the ______

A
  • Homogenous
  • Object image distance
39
Q

What creates geometric magnification in mammography?

A

Increased OID , Lower kVp

40
Q

There are three Pacific areas of certification in medical sonogram list them :

A

1) cardiac
2) obstetrics/ gynecology
3) General abdomen

41
Q

Ultrasound frequencies can range from ____ to ____

A

1 to 20 megahertz

42
Q

Ultrasound is extremely good at traveling through ____ filled tissues.

A

Fluid ( Cysts or Urinary Bladder )

43
Q

What are the four modes of sonography??

A

A- mode
B- mode
M- mode
Doppler

44
Q

Doppler scanning is used to assess_____ flow and vessels and uses the principle of the Doppler effect with sound waves.

A

Blood

45
Q

What is the functional piece of equipment used by the sonographer?

A

Transducer

46
Q

A key distinction with MRI when compared to x-ray is that with MRI the____ is the source of the signal used to create an image.
With x-ray, the ____ is the source and it relies upon the process of differential absorption as x-ray engines are transmitted through tissues and detected.

A
  • Patient
  • X Ray Tube
47
Q

What are magnetic fields strength expressed in?

A

Units of Tesla (T)

48
Q

Radionuclide imaging is often referred to as _____

A

Nuclear medicine 

49
Q

Many medical imaging studies are considered structural studies of the anatomy; nuclear studies are generally regarded as _____ examinations.

A

Perfusion

50
Q

What tissues are more sensitive to radiation damage?

A

Tissues that are rapidly dividing & poorly specialized

51
Q

Medical oncology focuses on the use of toxic, ________

Radiation oncology centers around the use of _____

A
  • Chemotherapeutic Medicines (chemo therapy)
  • Radiation Energies (radiation therapy for cancer)
52
Q

When using photostimulable phosphor technology (PSP); The x ray exposure is contained in _____

A

“electron traps” in the phosphor layer

53
Q

In computer radiography, the photostimulable phosphor plate technology uses which materials as an active ingredient?

A

Barium Fluorohalide

54
Q

Electrical cords that attach a DR detector to a portable are called tethers.
True or False

A

True

55
Q

If the mAs used for an exam was 24 and the mA station was 500, then what is the time?

A

.048 seconds

56
Q

The component that controls the size and shape of the x ray exposure field is the:

A

Collimator Assembly

57
Q

All of the following are features of radiographic tables except:
A) motorized, variable height adjustment

B) four-way floating table top mobility

C) tabletop materials that are high and x-ray attenuation

D) electric locks on table top motions

A

C) tabletop materials that are high and x-ray attenuation

58
Q

Unnecessarily prolonged anode prepping or repeated prepping can result in

A

damage or shortened tube life

59
Q

Medical images that are displayed on a monitor are referred to as a:

A

Soft Copy

60
Q

What mAs is most diagnostic radiography done at? Fluoro?

A
  • 50-400 mA
  • 0.5-5.0 mA
61
Q

Postprocessing functions can include (5):

A

Image Reversal
Image Annotation
Spatial Filtering ( Edge Enhancement )
Magnification
Windowing of Brightness and Contrast

62
Q

What holds the last image flouro image and allows viewing without additional exposure to the patient

A

Last image hold

63
Q

The amount of clinically useful information on a medical image

A

Diagnostic Yield

Introduction to Radiologic & Imaging Sciences / Ethics (13 decks)

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