Ch. 8

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

the way information is is processed and manipulated in thinking, remembering, and knowing.

Question 2

Prototype model

Answer 2

when we determine if something belongs in a concept by comparing it to the most typical item that is a member of that category. The “prototype”

Question 3

Concepts

Answer 3

mental categories that group stuff

Question 4

Fixation

Answer 4

Using the same strategy without looking at the problem from a different perspective.

Question 5

functional fixedness

Answer 5

failing to solve a problem because we are too focused on a things usual function.

Question 6

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 6

Going from a general principle to to a specific instance. We use deductive reasoning when we form a hypothesis.

Question 7

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 7

reasoning from specific observations to make generalizations. going from a specific instance to a general cause.

Question 8

Confirmation Bias

Answer 8

only searching and looking for info that supports our own ideas rather than refutes them.

Question 9

hindsight bias

Answer 9

the tendency to report falsely

Question 10

availability Heurisitc

Answer 10

a prediction of the about probability of an event based on the recalling of similar events

Question 11

representative heuristic

Answer 11

tendency to make judgements about groups based off of appearance and stereotypes.

Question 12

Phonology

Answer 12

language sound system

Question 13

morphology

Answer 13

a languages rules for word formation

Question 14

syntax

Answer 14

language rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences

Question 15

semantics

Answer 15

the meaning of words and sentences

Question 16

pragmatics

Answer 16

the useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than verbalized.