Ch 7. Urinary System

Question 1

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

An acute inflammation of the capillaries of the renal glomeruli

Question 2

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 2

Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

Question 3

Bladder Carcinoma

Answer 3

A malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial lining of the bladder wall

Question 4

Bladder Diverticula

Answer 4

A pouch in the wall of the urinary bladder

Question 5

Bladder Trabeculae

Answer 5

Roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall

Question 6

Bright Disease

Answer 6

An inflammatory reaction of the renal parenchyma caused by an antigen-antibody reaction in the glomeruli

Question 7

Crossed Ectopy

Answer 7

A condition in which on kidney lies across the body midline and is fused to the other kidney

Question 8

Cryoablation

Answer 8

A process that uses extreme cold to remove tissue

Question 9

Cystitis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the bladder as a result of its infection

Question 10

Ectopic Kidney

Answer 10

A kidney that is out of its normal position, usually lower than normal

Question 11

Foley Catheter

Answer 11

A catheter that is placed through the urethra and retained in the urinary bladder by a balloon that it inflated with air or fluid

Question 12

Horseshoe Kidney

Answer 12

A condition in which the lower poles of the kidney are joined across midline by a band of soft tissue, resulting in a rotation anomaly on one or both sides

Question 13

Hydronephrosis

Answer 13

An obstruction disease of the urinary system that causes a dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine

Question 14

Hyperplasia

Answer 14

Overdevelopment

Question 15

Hypoplasia

Answer 15

Less than normal development

Question 16

Malrotation

Answer 16

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development

Question 17

Medullary Sponge Kidney

Answer 17

A congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the only visible abnormality is the dilatation of the medullary and papillary portions of the collecting ducts, usually bilaterally

Question 18

Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)

Answer 18

A rapidly developing malignancy of the kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5

Question 19

Nephroptosis

Answer 19

Prolapse of the kidney

Question 20

Nephrosclerosis

Answer 20

Intimal thickening of predominantly the small vessels of the kidney as a result of reduced blood flow through arteriosclerotic renal vasculature

Question 21

Nephrostomy Tube

Answer 21

A tube inserted through the abdominal wall into the renal pelvis to drain urine

Question 22

Neurogenic Bladder

Answer 22

A bladder dysfunction caused by interference with the nerve impulses concerned with urination

Question 23

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Answer 23

A familial kidney disorder in which innumerable tiny cysts that are present congenitally gradually enlarge during aging to compress and eventually destroy normal tissues

Question 24

Pyelonephritis

Answer 24

Bacterial infection of the kidney and its pelvis

Question 25

Pyuria

Answer 25

The presence of pus in urine, created by its drainage from renal abscesses into the kidney’s collecting tubules

Question 26

Radiofrequency Ablations

Answer 26

A process that uses radio frequency waves to remove tissue

Question 27

Renal Agenesis

Answer 27

The absence of the kidney on one side, with an unusually large kidney on the other side

Question 28

Renal Calculi

Answer 28

Kidney stone

Question 29

Renal Colic

Answer 29

Severe, agonizing pain that refers along the course of a ureter toward the genital and loin regions in response to the movement of a renal calculus

Question 30

Renal Cyst

Answer 30

A fluid-filled growth within the kidney

Question 31

Renal Failure

Answer 31

The end result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function

Question 32

Staghorn Calculus

Answer 32

A large renal calculus that assumes the shapes of the pelvicalyceal junction, resembling the horn of a stag

Question 33

Supernumerary Kidney

Answer 33

A relatively rare anomaly consisting of the presence of a third, small rudimentary kidney

Question 34

Suprapubic Catheter

Answer 34

A urinary catheter that is placed into the urinary bladder through the skin in the suprapubic area to allow drainage of urine

Question 35

Uremia

Answer 35

The retention of urea in blood, as characteristic of renal failure

Question 36

Ureteral Diverticula

Answer 36

An outpouching in the ureteral wall

Question 37

Ureteral Stents

Answer 37

A tube used to maintain patency of the ureter, with the proximal end placed in the renal pelvis and the distal end placed in the urinary bladder

Question 38

Ureterocele

Answer 38

Cystlike dilatation of the terminal portion of the ureter as a result of stenosis of the ureteral meatus

Question 39

Urethral Valves

Answer 39

Congenital presence of mucosal folds that protrude into the posterior urethra, which may cause significant obstruction to urine flow

Question 40

Urinary Meatus

Answer 40

The urinary meatus, also known as the external urethral orifice, is the opening or meatus of the urethra. It is the point where urine exits the urethra in males and in females, and also where semen exits the urethra in males

Question 41

Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 41

The most common of all bacterial infections, a UTI is an infection in the urinary tract usually caused by a gram negative bacillus, which invades by an ascending route through the urethra to the bladder to the kidney

Question 42

Vesicoureteral Reflux

Answer 42

The backward flow of urine out of the bladder into the ureters