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Pathology > Ch 4. Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Ch 4. Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

2-D Echocardiography

A

Cross-sectional sonographic imaging of the heart demonstrating the heart chambers, valves, major vessels, and cardiac output

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2
Q

Adventitia

A

The outermost layer of connective tissue covering major organs and vessels within the body

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3
Q

Aneurysm

A

A localized ballooning or out-pouching of a vessel wall as a result of weakening from atherosclerotic disease, trauma, infection, or congenital defects

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A common form of arteriosclerosis in which deposits of fibrofatty plaque or thickenings form within the intimate or intermedia of large and medium sized arteries

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6
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

A

An abnormal opening between the right and left atria of the heart which allows mixing of oxygenated and un-oxygenated blood within the atria

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

Small blood vessels connecting venues and arterioles which allow the exchange of water, gases, and nutrients within the blood

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8
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

The appearance of an enlarged heart, as indicative of many cardiovascular disorders

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9
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta

A

A narrowing or compression of the aorta

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10
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

Condition existing when the heart is unable to propel blood at a sufficient rate and volume to prevent congestion of circulatory subsystems

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11
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Hypertension in the pulmonary artery and an enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart

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12
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

Disease of the arteries of the heart often resulting from deposition of atheroma in the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle

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13
Q

Diastole

A

The phase of the heart cycle in which the myocardium is relaxing

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14
Q

Dissecting Aneurysm

A

An aneurysm resulting from hemorrhage that causes longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall

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15
Q

Doppler Echocardiography

A

A procedure that uses ultrasound technology to examine the heart or blood vessels

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16
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

The blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta in the fetus which should normally close at birth

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17
Q

Embolization

A

Interventional angiography procedure in which devices such as coils are used to intentionally clot off vessels, often before surgery to prevent excessive bleeding

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18
Q

Endocardium

A

The inner membrane layer of tissue lining the heart

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19
Q

Epicardium

A

The inner layer of pericardium surrounding the heart which forms an outer layer of connective tissue covering the heart

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20
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

An opening between the right and left atria of the fetal heart which should normally close at birth

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21
Q

Fusiform Aneurysm

A

An arterial aneurysm in which the entire circumference of the vessel wall is affected

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22
Q

Gated Cardiac Blood Pool Scan

A

A gated nuclear medicine procedure of the heart that demonstrates heart motion and the ejection of blood from the heart

23
Q

Heart

A

A hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation.

24
Q

Infarct

A

An area of ischemic necrosis

25
Q

Intima

A

The spread and multiplication of a pathogenic organism or malignant cells

26
Q

Ischemia

A

A local and temporary impairment of circulation caused by obstruction of circulation

27
Q

Lumen

A

The inner, tubular structure of a vessel

28
Q

Media

A

The middle, muscular layer of a vessel wall

29
Q

M-mode Echocardiography

A

Dynamic, one dimensional sonographic images of the heart

30
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal extra heart sound indicating a structural or functional defect of the heart

31
Q

Myocardial Perfusion Scan

A

A type of nuclear medicine procedure. This means that a tiny amount of a radioactive substance, called a radionuclide, is used during the procedure to assist in the examination of the tissue under study

32
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscular layer of the heart

33
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

Abnormal persistence of an open ductus arterioles after birth, resulting in recirculation of arterial blood through the lungs

34
Q

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty

A

Use of a specialized catheter, typically equipped with an inflatable balloon, to perform vessel repair from within the artery or vein during angiography

35
Q

Permanent Catherterization

A

Interventional angiography procedure, in which a catheter is placed in the subclavian or jugular vein and tunneled under skin to allow for improved dialysis access

36
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein, often associated with venous thrombosis

37
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

A mass of foreign matter present in a pulmonary artery or one of its branches

38
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

An illness that results from an untreated strep throat condition

39
Q

Saccular Aneurysm

A

A localized sac affecting only a part of the circumference of an arterial wall

40
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

The heart’s pacemaker. This is a bundle of nerve fibers located in the upper portion of the right atrium near the superior vena cava; from this node an electrical current is transmitted through the myocardium, resulting in a heartbeat

41
Q

Stent

A

A specialized device placed to provide patency, usually in a vessel or duct

42
Q

Systole

A

The phase of the heart cycle during which the myocardium is contracting

43
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

A combination of four congenital cardiac defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular central defect, overriding aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle

44
Q

Thrombolysis

A

An interventional angiography procedure in which urokinase, a high-intensity anticoagulant, is dripped over a period of hours directly onto a clot to dissolve it

45
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

The presence of inflammation and blood clots within a vein

46
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel

47
Q

Transesophageal Echocardiography

A

A type of echocardiographic procedure in which the patient swallows a mobile, flexible probe

48
Q

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

A

An interventional angiography procedure in which a catheter is used to connect the jugular vein to the portal vein to reduce the flow of blood through a diseased liver

49
Q

Transposition of Great Vessels

A

Congenital malformation of the cardiovascular system, in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle

50
Q

Valvular Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the valve

51
Q

Veins

A

The tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart

52
Q

Venous Thrombosis

A

The formation of blood clots within a vein

53
Q

Ventricular Septal Defects

A

An abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles of the heart allowing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Pathology (4 decks)

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