Ch 5. Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Achalasia
A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax
Adenocarcinomas
Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue
Adynamic Ileus
A failure of bowel peristalsis, often seen after abdominal surgery, which may result in bowel obstruction
Anal Agenesis
Congenital disorder characterized by lack of an anal opening to the exterior
Apendicitis
An inflammation of the appendix
Atresia
Congenital absence or abnormal closure of a normal anatomic opening
Carbohydrate Intolerance
The inability to digest and process sugars and starches into a source of energy due to an enzyme deficiency
Colostomy
An opening from the colon to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of feces
Crohn Disease
A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum; also known as regional enteritis
Diverticulum
A pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
Endoscopy
The use of lighted instruments with optic connections to visualize disease of the esophagus and stomach, or rectum and distal colon
Esophageal Varices
Varicose veins of the esophagus that occur in patients with portal hypertension
Gallstone Ileus
A condition in which gallstones erode from the gallbladder, creating a fistula to the small bowel that may cause a bowel obstruction
Gastroenteritis
General grouping of a number of inflammatory disorders of the stomach and intestines
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
An incompetent cardiac sphincter allowing the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus
Gluten-sensitive Enterophathy
An autoimmune hereditary disorder involving increased sensitivity to the gliadin fraction of gluten, and agent found in wheat, barley, and rye products
Granulomatous Colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon characterized by granulations associated with an infective process
Hernia
The protrusion of a part of an organ through a small opening in the wall of a cavity
Hiatal Hernia
Protrusion of any structure, especially some portion of the stomach, into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
Hirschsprung Disease
Absence of neurons in the bowel wall, typically in the sigmoid, preventing relaxation of the colon and normal peristalsis; congenital magacolon
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
A congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter
Ileostomy
An opening from the ileum to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of intestinal waste
Imperforate Anus
Congenital disorder characterized by absence of anal opening to the exterior
