Ch 5. Abdomen and Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Achalasia

Answer 1

A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

Question 2

Adenocarcinomas

Answer 2

Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

Question 3

Adynamic Ileus

Answer 3

A failure of bowel peristalsis, often seen after abdominal surgery, which may result in bowel obstruction

Question 4

Anal Agenesis

Answer 4

Congenital disorder characterized by lack of an anal opening to the exterior

Question 5

Apendicitis

Answer 5

An inflammation of the appendix

Question 6

Atresia

Answer 6

Congenital absence or abnormal closure of a normal anatomic opening

Question 7

Carbohydrate Intolerance

Answer 7

The inability to digest and process sugars and starches into a source of energy due to an enzyme deficiency

Question 8

Colostomy

Answer 8

An opening from the colon to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of feces

Question 9

Crohn Disease

Answer 9

A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum; also known as regional enteritis

Question 10

Diverticulum

Answer 10

A pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat

Question 11

Dysphagia

Answer 11

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 12

Endoscopy

Answer 12

The use of lighted instruments with optic connections to visualize disease of the esophagus and stomach, or rectum and distal colon

Question 13

Esophageal Varices

Answer 13

Varicose veins of the esophagus that occur in patients with portal hypertension

Question 14

Gallstone Ileus

Answer 14

A condition in which gallstones erode from the gallbladder, creating a fistula to the small bowel that may cause a bowel obstruction

Question 15

Gastroenteritis

Answer 15

General grouping of a number of inflammatory disorders of the stomach and intestines

Question 16

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Answer 16

An incompetent cardiac sphincter allowing the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus

Question 17

Gluten-sensitive Enterophathy

Answer 17

An autoimmune hereditary disorder involving increased sensitivity to the gliadin fraction of gluten, and agent found in wheat, barley, and rye products

Question 18

Granulomatous Colitis

Answer 18

Chronic inflammation of the colon characterized by granulations associated with an infective process

Question 19

Hernia

Answer 19

The protrusion of a part of an organ through a small opening in the wall of a cavity

Question 20

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 20

Protrusion of any structure, especially some portion of the stomach, into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Question 21

Hirschsprung Disease

Answer 21

Absence of neurons in the bowel wall, typically in the sigmoid, preventing relaxation of the colon and normal peristalsis; congenital magacolon

Question 22

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 22

A congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter

Question 23

Ileostomy

Answer 23

An opening from the ileum to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of intestinal waste

Question 24

Imperforate Anus

Answer 24

Congenital disorder characterized by absence of anal opening to the exterior

Question 25

Intussusception

Answer 25

The prolapse of a segment of bowel into a distal segment

Question 26

Leiomyomas

Answer 26

A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle

Question 27

Malrotation

Answer 27

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development

Question 28

Mechanical Bowel Obstruction

Answer 28

Refers to a bowel obstruction that occurs as a result of blockage of the bowel lumen

Question 29

Paralytic Ileus

Answer 29

A failure of bowel peristalsis, often seen after abdominal surgery, which may result in bowel obstruction

Question 30

Peptic Ulcer

Answer 30

Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

Question 31

Reflux Esophagitis

Answer 31

The backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus

Question 32

Regional Enteritis

Answer 32

A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum

Question 33

Situs Inversus

Answer 33

Complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and the abdomen

Question 34

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 34

A chronic, recurrent ulceration of the colon mucosa of unknown cause

Question 35

Volvulus

Answer 35

An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base