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Physical Science > Ch 7- The Nucleus > Flashcards

Ch 7- The Nucleus Flashcards

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1
Q 
Of the following particles, the one with the greatest mass is the 
A. Neutron
B. Neutrino
C. Proton
D. Electron
A

A. Neutron

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2
Q 
The Atomic number of the Nitrogen nucleus is? 15/7N
A. 15
B. 56
C. 8
D. 7
A

D. 7

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3
Q 
The mass number of Nitrogen is? 15/7N
A. 8
B. 56
C. 15
D. 7
A

C. 15

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4
Q 
The number of neutrons in the Nitrogen Nucleus is? 15/7N
A. 7
B. 56
C. 8
D. 15
A

C. 8

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5
Q 
The nucleus of a helium atom is called
A. an alpha particle.
B. a quark.
C. a beta particle.
D. a gamma ray.
A

A. an alpha particle

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6
Q 
The electromagnetic waves emitted by a nucleus are called
A. gamma rays
B. ultraviolet rays
C. quarks
D. X-rays
A

A. gamma rays.

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7
Q 
A particle never emitted in beta decay is the 
A. electron
B. positron
C. neutron
D. neutrino
A

C. neutron

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8
Q 
A nucleus increases in atomic number when it emits
A. a neutron
B. a positron
C. an electron
D. a proton
A

C. an electron

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9
Q

As a sample of radioactive nuclide decays, its half-life
A. any of the choices, depending upon the nuclide
B. remains the same
C. decreases
D. increases

A

B. remains the same

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10
Q 
The most important single source od radiation dosage received by an average person in the US is
A. radon
B. nuclear reactors
C. radium
D. medical x-rays
A

A. radon

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11
Q 
The unit in which atomic masses are usually expressed is the
A. gram
B. eV
C. u
D. quark
A

C. u

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12
Q

An atomic nucleus has a mass that is
A. the same as the total moss of its constituent nucleons.
B. less than the total mass of its constituent nucleons
C. any of the choices, depending on the nucleus
D. more than the total mass od it s constituent nucleons

A

B. less than the total mass of its constituent nucleons

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13
Q 
Slightly enriched uranium can be the energy source of which one or more of the following?
A. nuclear fission reactors
B. nuclear weapons
C. X-rays
D. nuclear fusion reactors
A

A. nuclear fission reactors

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14
Q 
Protons and neutrons are held together to form nuclei by the 
A. strong interaction
B. weak interaction
C. gravitational interaction
D. electromagnetic interaction
A

A. Strong interaction

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15
Q 
The strongest of the fundamental interaction is the 
A. gravitational interaction
B. strong interaction
C. electromagnetic interaction
D. weak interaction
A

B. strong interaction

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16
Q

Rutherford’s discovery of the nucleus is summarized and related to

A

modern atomic theory

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17
Q

The physicist that showed that alpha particles striking a thin metal foil are deflected by the strong electric fields of the metal atoms nuclei

A

Ernest Rutherford

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18
Q

Rutherford’s experiment resulted in…

A
  1. an atom’s positive charge and nearly all of it mass are concentrated in its nucleus
  2. the atom’s electron, because of their small mass, have little effect on the alpha particles.
  3. an atom is mostly empty space
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19
Q

Who described atoms as positively charged lumps of matter with electrons embedded in them?

A

J.J. Thompson

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20
Q

neutrons are what charge?

A

neutral

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21
Q

Protons are what charge?

A

Positive

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22
Q

Electrons are what charge?

A

negative

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23
Q

The number of protons in an atom is the

A

atomic number

24
Q

the number of protons equal to what

A

number of electron

25
Q

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei

A

isotopes

26
Q

The nucleus with a particular composition is called

A

nuclide A/Z X

27
Q

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

A

mass number

28
Q

neutron or proton

A

nucleon

29
Q

who discovered radioactivity

A

Henri Becquerel

30
Q

penetrating radiation

A

radioactivity

31
Q

when a nucleus emits particles or high frequency em waves

A

radioactive decay

32
Q

when an alpha particle is emitted from a large, unstable nucleus

A

alpha decay 4/2He

33
Q

when very high frequency em waves are emitted by nuclei having excess energy

A

Gamma decay ( em waves= gamma rays)

34
Q

in which an electro Is emitted from a nucleus having an unstable neutron to proton ratio; a nuclear neutron changes to a proton and an electron

A

Beta decay

35
Q

positively charged electron

A

positron

36
Q

the capture of an electron by a nuclear proton changes the proton to a neutron in a nucleus having a high proton to neutron ratio

A

Electron capture

37
Q

the time needed for half of an original sample to decay

A

half-life

38
Q

SI unit of radiation dosage is

A

Sv= Sievert

39
Q

SI unit for atomic mass

A

u=1.66x10^-27 kg

40
Q

SI unit for atomic physics

A

electronvolt(eV)= 1.60x10^-19J

41
Q

equal to 1 million eV

A

megaelectronvolt= 1.60x10^-13J

42
Q

rest mass of 1 u

A

931 MeV

43
Q

found by dividing the total binding energy of the nucleus by the number of nucleons it contains

A

binding energy per nucleon

44
Q

the greater the binding energy per nucleon=

A

the more stable the nucleus

45
Q

series of fission reactions spreading through a mass of an unstable radionuclide such as uranium

A

Chain reaction

46
Q

the first chain reaction was demonstrated by the Italian Physicist

A

Enrico Femi

47
Q

Moderator

A

slows down neutrons in a nuclear reactor

48
Q

an element that has an atomic number greater than the 92 uranium

A

transuranium element

49
Q

cannot be separated into other particles

A

elementary particle

50
Q

nucleons are composed of smaller particles called

A

quarks

51
Q

has the same mass and general behavior as its corresponding elementary particle but has a charge of opposite sign and differs in certain other respects

A

antiparticle

52
Q

when an antiparticle and its corresponding elementary particle come together, they undergo

A

annihilation

53
Q

process in which a particle- antiparticle pair materializes from energy

A

pair production

54
Q

not affected by the strong interaction and have no internal structure

A

Leptons

55
Q

leptons that have no charge and very little mass

A

Neurtrinos

56
Q

are affected by the strong interaction, are composed of quarks

A

Hardons

Physical Science (4 decks)

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