Ch 7: Spectroscopy in Biosensing Flashcards

1
Q

Q: What is spectroscopy?

A

A: The study of the interaction between light and matter.

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2
Q

Q: What is absorption spectroscopy?

A

A: A technique that measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample at specific wavelengths.

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3
Q

Q: Define fluorescence spectroscopy.

A

A: A technique that measures the emission of light by a sample after absorbing light.

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4
Q

Q: What is Raman spectroscopy?

A

A: A technique that measures inelastic scattering of light to provide molecular information.

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5
Q

Q: What is the Beer-Lambert law?

A

A: A law that relates absorbance to concentration and path length in a sample.

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6
Q

Q: What is the role of a monochromator in spectroscopy?

A

A: To isolate specific wavelengths of light for measurement.

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7
Q

Q: How are spectrophotometers used in biosensing?

A

A: To measure light absorption or transmission changes caused by biological interactions.

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8
Q

Q: What is a fluorescence lifetime?

A

A: The average time a molecule remains in an excited state before emitting a photon.

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9
Q

Q: Define quantum yield in fluorescence.

A

A: The efficiency of fluorescence, calculated as the ratio of emitted to absorbed photons.

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10
Q

Q: What is circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy?

A

A: A technique used to study the chiral properties of molecules.

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11
Q

Q: What are the applications of Raman spectroscopy?

A

A: Used in chemical analysis, materials science, and biomedical diagnostics.

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12
Q

Q: How does UV-Vis spectroscopy work?

A

A: It measures the absorption of ultraviolet or visible light by a sample.

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13
Q

Q: What is a cuvette in spectroscopy?

A

A: A small transparent container used to hold samples for light measurement.

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14
Q

Q: What is plasmon resonance?

A

A: The resonance of conduction electrons in nanoparticles induced by light, used in biosensing.

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15
Q

Q: How does IR spectroscopy help in biosensing?

A

A: By detecting molecular vibrations that indicate chemical bonds in samples.

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16
Q

Q: What is time-resolved spectroscopy?

A

A: A technique that studies dynamic processes by measuring changes over time.

17
Q

Q: What is absorbance in spectroscopy?

A

A: The measure of light attenuation as it passes through a sample.

18
Q

Q: Define emission spectroscopy.

A

A: A method that analyzes light emitted by excited atoms or molecules.

19
Q

Q: What is resonance energy transfer?

A

A: A process where energy is transferred from one fluorophore to another.

20
Q

Q: How are dyes used in biosensing?

A

A: As markers to enhance light absorption or fluorescence for detection.

21
Q

Q: What is a spectrometer?

A

A: An instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the spectrum.

22
Q

Q: What is photoluminescence?

A

A: Emission of light from a material after absorbing photons.

23
Q

Q: How does SPR (surface plasmon resonance) spectroscopy work?

A

A: It detects changes in refractive index near a metal surface caused by molecular interactions.

24
Q

Q: What is the difference between absorbance and transmittance?

A

A: Absorbance measures light absorbed; transmittance measures light passing through a sample.

25
Q

Q: How is spectroscopy used in medical diagnostics?

A

A: For detecting biomarkers, monitoring drug delivery, and analyzing tissue composition.