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Sensors > Ch 3: Diodes and Transistors > Flashcards

Ch 3: Diodes and Transistors Flashcards

1
Q

Q: What is a diode?

A

A: A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only.

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2
Q

Q: Define the forward bias of a diode.

A

A: A condition where the positive terminal of the voltage source is connected to the anode of the diode.

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3
Q

Q: What is reverse bias in a diode?

A

A: A condition where the positive terminal is connected to the cathode, blocking current flow.

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4
Q

Q: What is the function of a Zener diode?

A

A: To regulate voltage by allowing current to flow in reverse when a specific breakdown voltage is reached.

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5
Q

Q: What is a light-emitting diode (LED)?

A

A: A diode that emits light when forward-biased.

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6
Q

Q: What is a transistor?

A

A: A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals.

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7
Q

Q: Name the three terminals of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).

A

A: Emitter, base, and collector.

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8
Q

Q: What is the difference between NPN and PNP transistors?

A

A: In NPN, current flows from collector to emitter; in PNP, it flows from emitter to collector.

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9
Q

Q: What is the function of an operational amplifier (op-amp)?

A

A: To amplify input signals with high gain.

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10
Q

Q: How does a photodiode work?

A

A: It converts light into electrical current.

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11
Q

Q: What is the threshold voltage (barrier voltage) of a diode?

A

A: The minimum voltage required to make the diode conduct in forward bias.

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12
Q

Q: What is a field-effect transistor (FET)?

A

A: A transistor controlled by electric field to regulate current flow.

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13
Q

Q: Define the saturation region of a transistor.

A

A: A region where the transistor is fully on and conducts maximum current.

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14
Q

Q: What is a logic gate?

A

A: A digital circuit that performs logical operations.

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15
Q

Q: What is a MOSFET?

A

A: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, widely used in electronic devices.

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16
Q

Q: How is a diode used in rectification?

A

A: To convert AC to DC by allowing current in one direction.

17
Q

Q: What is a Schottky diode?

A

A: A diode with low forward voltage drop and fast switching.

18
Q

Q: What is a transistor’s cutoff region?

A

A: The state where the transistor is off and no current flows.

19
Q

Q: What is a current amplifier?

A

A: A circuit using transistors to increase current.

20
Q

Q: What is the power dissipation of a diode?

A

A: The heat produced due to voltage drop and current refers to the amount of electrical power converted into heat as current flows through the diode.

21
Q

Q: What is the depletion region in a diode?

A

A: The area where no charge carriers are present due to recombination.

22
Q

Q: How does a transistor act as a switch?

A

A: By toggling between cutoff and saturation regions.

23
Q

Q: What is a phototransistor?

A

A: A transistor that is sensitive to light and amplifies the signal.

24
Q

Q: What is the main application of a Zener diode?

A

A: Voltage regulation.

25
Q

Q: What is the use of a transistor in amplifiers?

A

A: To increase the amplitude of input signals.

26
Q

Q: Why does an incandescent light bulb remain off when connected to a Zener diode voltage regulator with Vin = 6 V and Vzener = 5 V?

A

A: The Zener diode is reverse-biased, causing all currents to flow through it and no current through the light bulb.

27
Q

Q: What makes Zener diodes superior to thermistors in signal linearity?

A

A: Zener diodes show linear response to temperature changes, unlike thermistors.

28
Q

Q: What happens to the output voltage of a Zener diode with power supply fluctuations?

A

A: It remains stable within its operational range, unlike thermistors.

29
Q

Q: What is the Zener voltage of an LM335 sensor at 300 K?

A

A: +3.00 V.

30
Q

Q: What causes an LM335 Zener diode to output higher-than-expected voltages?

A

A: Self-heating due to excessive input current.

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