Ch 7 Powerpoint Flashcards
What are the stages of language and communication development from 0 to 3 months?
Reflexive communication
This stage involves basic, instinctual responses to stimuli.
At what age do children typically start using their first words?
12–18 months
This marks a significant milestone in language development.
What is the definition of a heuristic?
General problem-solving framework; shortcuts or ‘rules of thumb’
Heuristics help simplify decision-making processes.
What does the term ‘algorithm’ refer to in problem-solving?
Step-by-step problem-solving formula
Algorithms are systematic methods to arrive at a solution.
What is the critical period in language development?
Proficiency at acquiring language is maximal early in life
Missing this period can hinder full language acquisition.
What is a phoneme?
A basic sound unit
Examples include sounds like ‘ah’ and ‘eh’.
Define ‘morpheme’.
The smallest units of language that convey meaning
Morphemes can be words or parts of words.
What is an event schema?
A set of routine or automatic behaviors
Event schemas dictate how we respond to specific situations.
What is functional fixedness?
Inability to perceive an object being used for something other than its designed purpose
This can hinder problem-solving capabilities.
What does the Flynn effect refer to?
Each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the last
This phenomenon necessitates periodic recalibration of IQ tests.
What is the average IQ score?
100
This score represents the mean in IQ testing.
What is the nature perspective regarding intelligence?
Intelligence is inherited from a person’s parents
This perspective often involves studies of twins.
What is the nurture perspective regarding intelligence?
Intelligence is shaped by a child’s developmental environment
Intellectual stimuli from parents can influence intelligence.
What are the two components of intelligence according to Raymond Cattell?
- Crystalized intelligence
- Fluid intelligence
Crystalized intelligence refers to knowledge and retrieval abilities, while fluid intelligence involves problem-solving skills.
What is the definition of creativity?
The ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities
Creative individuals often take risks and seek novel solutions.
What is divergent thinking?
Thinking ‘outside the box’
This type of thinking is used when multiple possibilities exist.
How many intelligences does Howard Gardner propose exist?
At least 8 intelligences
These include linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligences.
What does emotional intelligence encompass?
- Understanding your own emotions
- Understanding the emotions of others
- Showing empathy
- Regulating your own emotions
- Responding in culturally appropriate ways
Emotional intelligence combines interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences.
