Ch 1 Powerpoint Flashcards
What is psychology?
The scientific study of mind and behavior
Psychologists study everything about the human experience, including consciousness, memory, language, reasoning, personality, and mental health.
Define structuralism.
Understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Wilhelm Wundt is credited with emphasizing structuralism.
What is functionalism?
Focus on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
William James was a key figure in establishing functionalism.
What does psychoanalytic theory focus on?
The role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
Sigmund Freud founded this theory.
What is Gestalt psychology?
Focuses on humans as a whole rather than individual parts
Key figures include Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler.
What is behaviorism?
Focuses on observing and controlling behavior
Key figures include John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner.
Who is known as the father of behaviorism?
John B. Watson
Watson emphasized observable behavior over the subjective analysis of the mind.
What is the focus of humanistic psychology?
Emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Key figures include Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
What is classical conditioning?
A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus
Ivan Pavlov discovered this concept.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which someone examines their own conscious experience.
Introspection
What did Abraham Maslow propose?
A hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
Maslow asserted that basic needs must be met before higher-level needs become motivating.
What is client-centered therapy?
A therapeutic approach where the patient takes a lead role in the session
Developed by Carl Rogers.
Who began the cognitive revolution?
Noam Chomsky
He argued for the importance of incorporating mental functioning into psychology.
What does developmental psychology study?
The physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation
This includes cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social skills.
What is the Five Factor Model?
A model describing five dimensions of personality traits
Each dimension can be high or low, influencing individual behavior.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
A model suggesting health/illness is determined by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
It is used in health psychology.
What does clinical psychology focus on?
Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic patterns of behavior
It involves clinical therapy and counseling.
Fill in the blank: Forensic psychology deals with the __________ system.
Justice
What are some career options in psychology?
- Teaching
- Research
- Clinical psychologist
- Counseling psychologist
- Social Work
- Corporate and Marketing jobs
Most careers require a PhD or a Master’s degree.
What does industrial-organizational psychology apply?
Psychological theories, principles, and research to industrial and organizational settings
It addresses personnel management and workplace environment.
What is the focus of sports and exercise psychology?
Psychological aspects regarding sports and physical performance
It includes motivation, performance-related anxiety, and mental well-being.
