ch. 7 memory

Question 1

2 types of memory

Answer 1

1. memory use
2. memory content

Question 2

2 types of memory use

Answer 2

1. explicit memory
2. implicit memory
   - these two describe the PROCESS

Question 3

Explicit memory (type of memory use)

Answer 3

involves conscious effort
- ex: trying to remember your 8th grade teacher’s name

Question 4

Implicit memory (type of memory use)

Answer 4

does NOT involve effort
- ex: tying shoes

Question 5

2 types of memory content

Answer 5

1. declarative memory
2. procedural memory
   - these two describe the CONTENT

Question 6

Declarative memory

Answer 6

• memory for facts and events
• episodic memory
• semantic memory

Question 7

episodic memory (type of declarative memory)

Answer 7

• memory for personal events
• biographical

Question 8

semantic memory (type of declarative memory)

Answer 8

• memory for facts and the basic meanings of words and concepts
• dictionary

Question 9

Procedural memory

Answer 9

• memory for how to do things
• skills and behavior

Question 10

memory processes

Answer 10

1. encoding
2. storage
3. retrieval

Question 11

encoding (a memory process)

Answer 11

• initial processing of information that leads to a representation in memory
• Taking it in for the first time and trying to store it in memory
• Ex: data entry

Question 12

storage (a memory process)

Answer 12

• Retention of encoded material over time
• Ex: SAVE button

Question 13

retrieval (a memory process)

Answer 13

• Recovery of stored information at a later time
• Recall (essay question)
• Recognition (multiple choice)
• Ex: Opening file

Question 14

The Information Processing Model of Memory

Answer 14

1. sensory memory
2. short-term memory
3. long-term memory

Question 15

sensory memory

Answer 15

• Represents physical features of sensory stimuli for a few seconds or less
• Iconic memory = visual
• Echoic memory = sounds

Question 16

short-term memory

Answer 16

• Includes working memory
  
  • Refers to what’s going on as you process things in short term memory
  • Involves active processing of information in short-term memory
• Limited capacity
• Lasts only briefly without rehearsal

Question 17

long-term memory

Answer 17

Nearly unlimited capacity

Question 18

Serial Position Effect

Answer 18

• primacy effect
• recency effect

Question 19

Primacy effect

Answer 19

• Enhanced recall of information at the beginning of a list
• known as rehearsal

Question 20

Recency effect

Answer 20

• Enhanced recall of information at the end of a list
• In short-term memory
• is not evident if there is a delay and/or interference

Question 21

chunking

Answer 21

sorting a list of items into smaller groups so that we are able to keep information easier, BEING ABLE TO HOLD 5-9 PIECES OF INFORMATION, 7 +/- 2

Question 22

shallow processing

Answer 22

visual encoding

Question 23

deep processing

Answer 23

meaning encoding, ability to recall info later

Question 24

4 things that go wrong with memory

Answer 24

• Lack of encoding
• Forgetting
• Interference
• amnesia

Question 25

proactive interference

Answer 25

when old information interferes with new information

Question 26

retroactive interference

Answer 26

when new information interferes with old info

Question 27

retrograde amnesia

Answer 27

inability to remember old memories because of injury

Question 28

anterograde amnesia

Answer 28

inability to form new memories because of injury

Question 29

cerebellum

Answer 29

movement + coordination and how it leads to procedural memory and being classically conditioned

Question 30

cerebral cortex

Answer 30

sensory memories

Question 31

amygdala and hippocampus

Answer 31

declarative memory and our emotional significance of them