ch. 5 consciousness Flashcards
⭐ circadian rhythms
- daily biological cycles that are about 24 hours long
- regulated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (groups of neurons) (SCN) in the hypothalamus (nature)
- environmental factors like the day-night cycle also affect circadian rhythms (nurture)
Stage N1
light sleep, when you first fall asleep, experience twitches
Stage N2
transitional sleep (40%)
Stage N3
deep sleep, slow wave sleep, where sleep walking or talking occurs
characteristics of REM sleep
- rapid eye movements
- most vivid dreaming occurs during REM sleep
- physiological arousal increases
- muscle paralysis (body is not moving)
- REM sleep behavior disorder
- Paradoxical sleep: seems like they’re awake and alert but they’re in deep sleep
Restorative Theory (of why we sleep)
- individual
- think of a cell phone battery
- Sleep allows us to recharge our bodies and recover from fatigue/strain of the day
Evolutionary Theory (of why we sleep)
- species level
- Sleep’s main purpose is to increase a species’ chances of survival
- Other animals/the things that wanna eat us are awake at night see better
Consolidation theory (of why we sleep)
- biological
- Sleep helps strengthen the neuronal connections (network synapses) that serve as the basis for learning and memory
insomnia
- chronic inability to sleep normally
- Trouble falling asleep
-Frequent waking - Returning to sleep
- Early-morning awakening
- Anxiety + depression can cause these problems
Narcolepsy
- an irresistible compulsion to sleep during the daytime
sleep apnea
stopping breathing during a night’s sleep
Activation-Synthesis Theory (of why we dream)
- biological
- brainstem (pons) bombards higher brain centers (cortex) with random neural activity
- Cerebral cortex interprets activity and creates a dream
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory (of why we dream)
- psychological
- Dreams symbolize wish fulfillment- “royal” road to the unconscious
psychological,
Dreams symbolize wish fulfillment- “royal” road to the unconscious - Manifest content
- Latent content
Manifest content
story/narrative of our dream based off Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of dreams
Latent content
supposed “hidden meaning” of a dream based off Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of dreams