ch. 5 consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

⭐ circadian rhythms

A
  • daily biological cycles that are about 24 hours long
  • regulated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (groups of neurons) (SCN) in the hypothalamus (nature)
  • environmental factors like the day-night cycle also affect circadian rhythms (nurture)
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2
Q

Stage N1

A

light sleep, when you first fall asleep, experience twitches

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3
Q

Stage N2

A

transitional sleep (40%)

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4
Q

Stage N3

A

deep sleep, slow wave sleep, where sleep walking or talking occurs

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5
Q

characteristics of REM sleep

A
  • rapid eye movements
  • most vivid dreaming occurs during REM sleep
  • physiological arousal increases
  • muscle paralysis (body is not moving)
  • REM sleep behavior disorder
  • Paradoxical sleep: seems like they’re awake and alert but they’re in deep sleep
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6
Q

Restorative Theory (of why we sleep)

A
  • individual
  • think of a cell phone battery
  • Sleep allows us to recharge our bodies and recover from fatigue/strain of the day
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7
Q

Evolutionary Theory (of why we sleep)

A
  • species level
  • Sleep’s main purpose is to increase a species’ chances of survival
  • Other animals/the things that wanna eat us are awake at night see better
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8
Q

Consolidation theory (of why we sleep)

A
  • biological
  • Sleep helps strengthen the neuronal connections (network synapses) that serve as the basis for learning and memory
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9
Q

insomnia

A
  • chronic inability to sleep normally
  • Trouble falling asleep
    -Frequent waking
  • Returning to sleep
  • Early-morning awakening
  • Anxiety + depression can cause these problems
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10
Q

Narcolepsy

A
  • an irresistible compulsion to sleep during the daytime
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11
Q

sleep apnea

A

stopping breathing during a night’s sleep

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12
Q

Activation-Synthesis Theory (of why we dream)

A
  • biological
  • brainstem (pons) bombards higher brain centers (cortex) with random neural activity
  • Cerebral cortex interprets activity and creates a dream
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13
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory (of why we dream)

A
  • psychological
  • Dreams symbolize wish fulfillment- “royal” road to the unconscious
    psychological,
    Dreams symbolize wish fulfillment- “royal” road to the unconscious
  • Manifest content
  • Latent content
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14
Q

Manifest content

A

story/narrative of our dream based off Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of dreams

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15
Q

Latent content

A

supposed “hidden meaning” of a dream based off Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of dreams

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16
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by temporarily changing conscious awareness

17
Q

⭐ Tolerance

A

more and more alcohol needed to get the minimum effect that you used to get with less

18
Q

⭐ Withdrawal

A
  • after reducing or ceasing drug intake, physical or physiological symptoms occur (vomiting, headaches, shakes, easily angered, cognitive processing, memory impairments)
  • Tolerance + withdrawal = Physiological dependence (“addicted”)
19
Q

Depressants/Sedatives

A

alcohol, barbiturates (seconal), benzodiazepines (valium/xanax)
- bring down CNS activity

20
Q

Stimulants

A

amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, nicotine, cocaine/crack, ecstasy (MDMA)
- brings up CNS activity

21
Q

Hallucinogens

A

marijuana, LSD, PCP
- creates hallucinations

22
Q

Opiates (narcotics)

A

morphine, heroin, codeine, pain killers

23
Q

things to know about a typical night’s sleep

A
  1. We cycle through all the stages over the course of the night
  2. Purple segments are N3, more of N3 earlier in the night
  3. More and longer REM later in the night (green part of graph)