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Cell and Molecular Bio > Ch 7 Membranes > Flashcards

Ch 7 Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do phospholipids rarely flip-flop

A

hydrophobic core

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2
Q

How does the plamsa membrane control what enters and what leaves cell?

A

selective permeability

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3
Q

The concentration of free water depends on ____

A

impermeable solutes

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4
Q

Cholesterol buffer:

at cool temperatures

A

keeps membrane from solidifying

hinders close packing of phospholipid

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5
Q

Plasma membrane thickness

A

8nm

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6
Q

If a Paramecium swims from a hypotonic environment to an isotonic one, how will this impact the activity of the contractile vacuole?

A

Less active

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7
Q

Active Transport: Ion Pumps

Moves ions UP their concentration gradient

From _____to _____

A

Low to high

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8
Q

Ways to Get Across the Membrane:

what molecules can get through with a protein

A

Charged ions

polar molecules - water, glucose, amino acids

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9
Q

Is enegrgy required for diffusion?

A

no

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10
Q

Proteins are _______________ in the membrane, making up ___ of the plasma membrane

A

embedded

50%

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11
Q

What are the faciliated diffusion transport proteins

A

Channel protein

Carrier Protein

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12
Q

fats from animals

A

saturated fat

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13
Q

Active Transport: Cotransporters

energy is provided by ___

A

one solute moving down gradient

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14
Q

different proteins =

A

different functions

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15
Q

Amphipathic

A

both polar and non-polar regions

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16
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of molecules to spread out evenly

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17
Q

Does facilitated diffusion require a protein?

Which 2?

A

Yes

Channel protein

Carrier protein

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18
Q

phospholipid sandwiches (cell membrane)

A

bilayer

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19
Q

Active Transport: Cotransporters

One solute moves ___ its gradient and one moves ___

A

down, up

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20
Q

Tonicity is ___, not absolute

A

relative

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21
Q

Ion Pumps

Requires energy (usually supplied by _____)

A

ATP

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22
Q

only loosely associated proteins (plasma membrane)

A

peripheral proteins

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23
Q

Ion pump examples

A

Proton pump

Na+K+ pump

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24
Q

fat with higher melting temp

A

saturated fat

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25
Q

Does Active Transport require energy and what are the three types?

A

Requires energy

Ion pumps

Cotransporters

Bulk Transport

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26
Q

Phospholipids are held together via

A

hydrophobic interactions

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27
Q

genetic disorder causing lack of cysteine carrier

A

cystinuria

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28
Q

Types of Passive Transport:

A

Simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion

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29
Q
A

Flaccid

isotonic

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30
Q

Cholesterol buffer:

At warm temperatures

A

keeps membrane from being too fluid

impedes movment of phospholipid tails

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31
Q

Phospholipids components

A

1: glycerol
2: fatty acids
1: phosphate/coline

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32
Q
A

Unsaturated fat

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33
Q

Butter

A

saturated fat

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34
Q

spheres of phospholipids

A

micelle

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35
Q

Requires 2 solutions separated by a water permeable membrane

A

Tonicity

36
Q

Glycolipids:

A

covalently bound to lipids

37
Q

To diffuse is to spontaneously move ___ their concentration gradient from ___ to ___ concentration

A

down

high

low

38
Q

Diffusion of one solute is ________________ of the concentration gradients of other solutes

A

independent

39
Q

transport protein:

binds to solute first, changes conformation and then releases solute on either side

A

carrier

40
Q

What is the protein polymer

A

polypeptides

41
Q

Does simple diffusion require a protein?

A

No

42
Q
A

Shriveled

Hypertonic

43
Q

Tonicity

(definition)

A

the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

44
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Used to maintain high Na+_______ and high K+_____

A

outside, inside

45
Q

___ fluidity = ___ permeability

A

Increased fluidity = increased permeability

46
Q

2 general types of membrane proteins:

A

Integral proteins

peripheral proteins

47
Q

What is the bond between protein monomers

A

peptide bond

48
Q

Electrochemical Gradient

Concentration:

A

chemical gradient (high to low)

49
Q
A

plasmolyzed

hypertonic

50
Q

Active transport direction of movement

A

low to high

51
Q

fats with lower melting temp

A

unsaturated fat

52
Q

Electrochemical Gradient

Ions diffuse based on:

Charge across the membrane:

A

electrical gradient

53
Q

fat from plants and fish

A

unsaturated fat

54
Q
A

Saturated fat

55
Q

What is the protein monomer

A

amino acids

56
Q

proteins that are embedded in the hydrophobic core

A

integral proteins

57
Q
A

Turgid

hypotonic

58
Q

2 possible structures of phospholipids

A

micelle

bilayer

59
Q

What are the three questions to ask?

A

Which direction with the molecule travel?

is enegery required?

is a transport protein required?

60
Q

Phospholipids regularly drift

A

10^7 times per second

61
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

___ K+in : __ Na+out

A

2 K+ in

3 Na+ out

62
Q

____ water moves down the concentration gradient

A

free

63
Q

What can increasethe fluidity of the cell membrane

A

Increase in temperature

increase in unsaturated fatty acids

shorter fatty acid tails

64
Q

What is the carbohydrate monomer

A

monosaccharides

65
Q

Ion pump energy source?

A

usually ATP

66
Q

transport protein:

open corridor type

A

channel protein

67
Q

oil

A

unsaturated fat

68
Q

Simple diffusion workes for what molecules

A

small and hydrophobic molecules

Steroids -testosterone, estrogen

O2, CO2

69
Q
A

Lysed

hypotonic

70
Q

Which alterations could help an organism adapt to an increase in environmental temperature?

A

Increase cholesterol

increase saturated fatty acids

71
Q

Creation of an Electrochemical Gradient

Ions diffuse based on ____

A
  1. Concentration
  2. Charge
72
Q

Ways to Get Across the Membrane:

what molecules can get through with bulk transport

A

large molecules

73
Q

Water moves from ___ solute concentration to ___ solute concentration

A

low

high

74
Q

Glycoproteins:

A

covalently bound to protein

75
Q
A

Regular

Isotonic

76
Q

___ concentration of solute = ____ concentration of free water

A

high

low

77
Q

Due to artificial ______________: produces saturated fats and transdouble bonds

A

hydrogenation

78
Q

a cell lacking a cell wall lives in an environment that is not isotonic compared to the inside of the cell?

Must have adaptations for ____

A

Osmoregulation

79
Q

What is the bond between nucleic acid monomers

A

phosphodiester

80
Q

fat that is linked to cardiovascular disease

A

saturated fat

81
Q

What is the carbohydrate bond between monomers

A

glycosidic linkage

82
Q

Ion pump

is protein needed?

A

yes,

Na+K+ pump

Proton pump

83
Q

Ways to Get Across the Membrane:

What molecules can go through Directly

A

Only non-polar molecules- O2 CO2

Lipids - estrogen, testosterone

84
Q

What is the nucleic acid polymer

A

polynucleotide

85
Q

What can decrease the fluidity of the plasma membrane

A

Decrease temperature

increase in saturated fatty acids

longer fatty acid tails

86
Q

What is the carbohydrate polymer

A

polysaccharide

Cell and Molecular Bio (14 decks)

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