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GM Immunology > Ch. 7 Lymph Organ, Lymphocyte Trafficking > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Lymph Organ, Lymphocyte Trafficking Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs and what develops in them

A

Bone marrow (B/T cells) and thymus (T cells)

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2
Q

What are secondary lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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3
Q

What is common within all secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Lymphoid follicles

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4
Q

What are characteristics of primary lymphoid follicles

A
  • loose networks of follicular dendritic cells (FDC)

- rich in naive B/memory b cells

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5
Q

What are characteristics of secondary lymphoid follicles

A
  • after antigen stimulation

- replication and differentiation (germinal center)

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6
Q

What are present in secondary lymphoid organs

A

Follicular dendritic cells

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7
Q

What do follicular dendritic cells do?

A

Catch and display antigen B cells

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8
Q

How do FDC’s capture antigen

A
  • complement protein/antibodies bind to invaders
  • opsonized invader comes to 2ndary lymph organ
  • FDC’s have receptors that bind to complement proteins and Fc region of antibodies
  • FDC’s attach and hold opsonized antigens closely so BCR’s cluster and crosslink more easily
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9
Q

Once a B cell is activated the number of b cells do what

A

Can double every 6 hours

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10
Q

What push aside other b cells and create dark zone

A

Proliferating B cells, there are so many proliferating b cells it makes it look dark

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11
Q

B cells that become plasma cells go where

A

Leave for bone marrow

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12
Q

What fine tunes the Fab regions in germinal centers

A

Somatic hypermutation

-new mutation tested in light zone

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13
Q

What happens to lower affinity BCR B cells in germinal centers

A

Die by apoptosis and are eaten by macrophages

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14
Q

Class switching occurs where?

A

In the dark zone

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15
Q

What do secondary lymphoid organs have?

A

Lymphoid follicles

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16
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs have separate areas for what?

A

Naive T cells and naive B cells

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17
Q

Activated helper T cells migrate to where to help activate B cells

A

B cell area

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18
Q

Where can an antigen enter

A

Via blood (through arteriole) or lymph (at various points)

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19
Q

Lymphocytes leave the blood and enter the lymph node via what

A

High endothelial venules (HEV)

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20
Q

Oponized antigen will be captured by what

A

FDC’s

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21
Q

Antigens can come in on APC’s or they can what

A

Arrive opsonized with antibodies and/or complement

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22
Q

How do incoming/outgoing lymph flow

A

Incoming artiole and outgoing venule

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23
Q

Lymphocyte may enter the node via

A

Arteriole or incoming lymph

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24
Q

Where is the entry point for B and T cells to enter the secondary lymphoid organs from the blood

A

High endothelial venule

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25
Q

How are endothelial cells placed in blood vessels

A

Usually overlapping like shingles so less room for passage of cells

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26
Q

HEV cells in blood vessels are what shape

A

Columnar and offer more room for passage of cells

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27
Q

What are the 3 secondary lymphoid organs

A
  • spleen
  • lymph nodes
  • mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
28
Q

How much of CO goes through the spleen and how long does it take

A

At rest 5% of CO goes through spleen, takes 30 minutes to screen all the blood in the body

29
Q

What does the spleen do as a secondary lymphoid organ

A

Everything in blood enters and is the filter between arrtery and vein

30
Q

What live in the marginal sinuses of the spleen

A

Resident dendritic cells

31
Q

Are lymphatics bringing lymph to the spleen

A

No

32
Q

What do resident dendritic cells do?

A

Display MHC II they are APC’s, display MHC I if infected,

33
Q

Once activated what do activated dendritic cells do?

A

Travel to PALS (activate T cells), activated helper T cells go to lymphoid follicles to help B cells

34
Q

What is special about the marginal sinus of the spleen

A

It is loaded with macrophages

35
Q

Where do T and B cells hangout in the spleen

A 
T = periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
B= between PALS and marginal sinuses
36
Q

What is the order of where APC with antigen and opsonized antigens go

A

Marginal sinus, b cell area, PALS, splenic vein, back to heart

37
Q

What is the red pulp of the spleen

A

Spleen removes old red blood cells, recycles the iron

38
Q

What is hemoglobin broken down into in the spleen

A

Globin into a.a., heme into bilirubin

39
Q

The spleen holds a large number of ____

A

Monocytes, that migrate to battle sites to become macrophages or dendritic cells

40
Q

What are Peyer’s patches and where are they located?

A

Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue in the small intestine known as GALT (gut associated)

41
Q

How do antigens enter within peyer’s patches

A

M cells (microfold cells)

42
Q

Are there any incoming lymphatics in peyer’s patches

A

No! HEV allow lymph to enter from blood. There is outgoing lymphatics

43
Q

What do M cells lack

A

Villi and mucus

44
Q

What do M cells do to antigens

A

Enclose antigens in vesicles (endosomes)

45
Q

Where are the endosomes of M cells released

A

Into tissues surrounding intestine

46
Q

What are M cells selective about

A

Selective on what they take in. Only things that bind to molecules on surface of M cell, let things that normally would pass pass through

47
Q

How do lymphocytes enter peyer’s patches

A

Through HEV’s then brought into distinct B and T cells

48
Q

What is the difference between peyer’s patches and the spleen

A

Peyer’s patches specialize in making helper t cells that tell B cells to make IgA antibodies, and making helper T cells make Th2 cytokine profile

49
Q

How are antigens brought into peyer’s patches

A

May be brought in by dendritic cell or come in alone, can come in marked with complement or antibodies

50
Q

What is the order of antigens coming into peyer’s patches

A

Area of macrophages, area where FDC can catch and present to B cells, area where t cells present peptide antigens, lymph outflow to next secondary lymphoid tissue

51
Q

What happens when helper t cells don’t meet their cognate antigen

A

They leave and continue to circulate

52
Q

What t cells will be activated

A

Only those that meet their cognate antigen on APC in the area

53
Q

Activated helper T cells in the T cell areas proliferate and travel where

A

To germinal B cell areas

54
Q

B cells are APC’s that do what

A

Take in protein presented by FDC’s then present it to helper t cells on MHC II. This can re-stimulate helper T cells

55
Q

What do naive t cells do

A

Have many adhesion molecules that circulate blood every 12-24 hours, if they don’t meet cognate antigen after 6 weeks they die of apoptosis

56
Q

Experienced T cells do what

A

Express certain adhesion molecules (limited)

57
Q

The adhesion molecules expressed from experienced T cells depend on what

A

Where the T cell was activated

58
Q

What is significant about experienced T cells activated in peyer’s patches

A

A4B7 (gut specific integrin) expression, so T cells activated here return to the gut

59
Q

Where can experienced t cells travel?

A

It is restricted = lymph organs where they were activated, and access to site of infection

60
Q

Lymphoid follicles are oceans of ___ with islands of ____

A

B cells; FDC’s

61
Q

What happens to B cells passing through secondary lymphoid organs

A

Only small number meet cognate antigen on FDC, those that don’t leave and continue to circulate

62
Q

Activated helper T cells in T cell area proliferate and travel where

A

To germinal B cell areas activating b cells

63
Q

Where do experience B cells go?

A

Settle down in bone marrow and make antibodies

64
Q

What do killer T cells, helper t cells, restraining t cells do

A

Killer T = kill other cells, helper T= helps other cells, restraining T = restrain immune system

65
Q

In the presence of what a T cell may become what

A

A Tr cell

GM Immunology (6 decks)

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