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GM Immunology > Ch. 6 T-cell activation > Flashcards

Ch. 6 T-cell activation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 jobs of the Helper T cell

A

1) remain in blood/lymph providing help for Bcells/CTL’s

2) leave blood, enter battle sites helping front line

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2
Q

What are cytokines

A

Communication proteins for immune system, drive responses in particular direction

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3
Q

How do helper t cells know where to go and what to do

A

Dendritic cells provide “education” on invader and location of it

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4
Q

What signals provide info to dendritic cells

A 
First = pattern recognition receptors (TLR’s) on dendritic cells recognize PAMP’s
Second= cytokines produced by cells in area under attack
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5
Q

What does TLR4 and TLR3 recognize

A

TLR4= LPS, TLR3=dsRNA

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6
Q

Specific co-stimulation and specific cytokines are used to direct what

A

T cells response

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7
Q

What are cytokines/how they work

A

Produced/commincate by/with immune system, give anatomical location and pathogen identity, cells with receptors of cytokines respond

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8
Q

What do dendritic cells and helper t cells secrete in combos/subsets and what determines what is released

A

Proteins determined by stimulus or circumstance

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9
Q

Dendritic cells convince t cells to express what

A

Specific sets (profiles) of cytokines

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10
Q

T cells are given different names based on what?

A

Cytokine profile

  • Th1
  • Th2
  • Th17
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11
Q

What do Th1 helper t cells do

A
  • viral or bacterial attack

- respond to classical cytokines

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12
Q

What cytokines do Th1 helper T cells respond to

A

TNF, IFN-y, IL-2

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13
Q

What do the different classical cytokines do in Th1 response

A
  • activate macrophages and NK cells
  • IFN-y = keeps macrophage active, tell B cell to make IgG3
  • IL-2 =recharge natural killer cells, stimulate proliferation of CTL’s,NK, and more Th1 cells
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14
Q

What type of attack do Th2 helper T cells respond to

A

Parasitic attack or food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria

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15
Q

What is the response of Th2 T cells

A

Intestines under attack helped by IL4, IL5, IL13

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16
Q

What do the different responses of Th2 T cells do

A
  • IL4= proliferate T cell release Th2 cytokines, B cell growth factor making IgE
  • IL5 = cause B cell make IgA (antibacterial in GI)
  • IL13 = stimulate mucus in intestine
17
Q

What do Th17 helper T cells respond to

A

Fungal attack

18
Q

What do dendritic cells do in response from fungal attacks (Th17)

A

Make TGFB and IL6 causing helper T cells to make Th17 cytokines. Also release IL-17, IL-21

19
Q

What is the role of IL17 and IL 21 in fungal attack

A
  • IL17 = recruit neutrophils to area
  • IL21 = growth of more Th17 cells
  • influence production of opsonizing antibody
20
Q

What type of T cell response is most dangerous to virus

A

Th1

21
Q

What cytokine do Th2 cells make that inhibit the production of Th1 cells

A

IL-10

22
Q

What is a viral/bacterial protein that bind to specific regions of TCR’s and class II MHC molecules

A

Superantigens

23
Q

What do superantigens do

A

Produce dramatic cytokine secretion by large proportion of inappropriately activated T cells

24
Q

What is TSST and what causes it

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin - superantigens

25
Q

What does a naive CTL need for activation

A

Activated dendritic cell

26
Q

When does a CTL meet an activated dendritic cell

A

When presenting cognate antigen on MHC 1

27
Q

What happens when dendritic cells and helper T cells bind

A

They emit cytokines attracting CTL’s

28
Q

What control size of response by dictating through cytokines the number of killer t cells being activated

A

Helper t cells

29
Q

How do killer t cells kill

A

1) CTL delivers perforin and granzyme B

2) CTL connects Fas Ligand to Fas protein on targe cell

30
Q

What does perforin and granzyme B do

A

Perforin pokes holes in membrane, granzyme B initiates chain reaction leading to apoptosis

31
Q

What does Fas protein signaling do?

A

Causes cell to commit suicide

32
Q

What is the co-receptro for helper T cells

A

CD4, binds to MHC 2

33
Q

What is the coreceptor for killer T cells

A

CD8 , binds to MHC 1

34
Q

What do helper t cells emit

A

Cytokines

35
Q

What do killer t cells do

A

Kill target cells

GM Immunology (6 decks)

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