ch. 7, liquids, solids, and phase changes

Question 1

Brownian movement: particles’

Answer 1

zigzag path

Question 2

polycrystalline solids are an aggregate of a large number of … or … in which the structure is …, but the …. or … are arranged in a … fashion

Answer 2

small crystals; grains; regular; crystals; grains; random

Question 3

the process of distillation involves the … and … of the water molecules

Answer 3

evaporation; condensation

Question 4

water forms in a ratio of … by mass

Answer 4

1:8

Question 5

Ratio H2: O2 by volume =

Answer 5

2:1

Question 6

a small portion of water is called “…” water because it contains an ….., rather than ordinary hydrogen nuclei

Answer 6

heavy; isotope of hydrogen, deuterium

Question 7

water’s heat of vaporization=

Answer 7

40.79 kJ/mol = 2.26 x 10^3 J/g

Question 8

water’s heat of fusion =

Answer 8

6.01 kJ/mol= 3.34 x 10^3 J/g

Question 9

q =

Answer 9

mass x heat of fusion

Question 10

anhydrides are certain oxides that react with water to form … and …

Answer 10

acids; bases

Question 11

basic anhydrides formula:

Answer 11

metal oxide + h2o → metal hydroxide

Question 12

acidic anydrides formula:

Answer 12

nonmetallic oxide + h2o → acid

Question 13

(solutions) clear; may have …, particles .. settle

Answer 13

color; do not

Question 14

(solutions) particles pass through ordinary … and … and are not …

Answer 14

filter paper; membranes; visible

Question 15

(colloids) do not pass through …. such as animal bladders, cellophane, and parchment, which have very small pores

Answer 15

semipermeable membranes

Question 16

(colloids) visible in …, show …

Answer 16

ultramicroscope; brownian movement

Question 17

(suspensions) …; … color; … on standing

Answer 17

cloudy; opaque; settle

Question 18

(suspensions) do not pass through ordinary … or ….

Answer 18

filter paper; semipermeable membranes

Question 19

(suspensions) visible with … or …, no …

Answer 19

microscope; naked eye; brownian movement

Question 20

brownian movement: the molecules in the dispersing medium are in motion and continuously bumping into the …, causing them to change … in a … fashion

Answer 20

colloidal particles; direction; random

Question 21

the smallest portion of the crystal lattice that is repeated throughout a crystal is called the

Answer 21

unit cell

Question 22

efflorescent crystals such as magnesium sulfate lose the … on exposure to … at ordinary temperatures

Answer 22

water of hydration; air

Question 23

some hydrates absorb … from the air and become …. and are said to be … or …

Answer 23

water; wet; deliquescent; hydroscopic