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Chem Subject Test > Ch. 2, atomic structure and the periodic table > Flashcards

Ch. 2, atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

(transition metal properties) they often form ..

A

colored compounds

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2
Q

(transition metal properties) they can have a variety of … states

A

oxidation

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3
Q

(transition metal properties) at least one of their compounds has an … subshell

A

incomplete d electron

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4
Q

(transition metal properties) they are often good

A

catalysts

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5
Q

(transition metal properties) they are … at room temperature (except copper and gold)

A

silvery blue

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6
Q

(transition metal properties) they are … at room temperature (except mercury)

A

solids

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7
Q

(transition metal properties) they form

A

complex ions

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8
Q

(transition metal properties) they are often … due to … electrons

A

paramagnetic; unpaired

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9
Q

periodic law: the properties of elements are a

A

periodic function of their atomic numbers

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10
Q

acid-forming properties increase from …to .. on the table

A

left; right

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11
Q

base-forming properties decrease from … to … on the table

A

left; right

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12
Q

the atomic radii of elements … across a period

A

decrease

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13
Q

first ionization energies … across a period

A

increase

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14
Q

metallic properties are greatest on the … side of the table and decrease to the …

A

left; right

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15
Q

nonmetallic properties are greatest on the … of the table and decrease tot he …

A

right; left

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16
Q

alpha particles are … particles of ….

A

positively charged; helium nuclei

17
Q

beta particles are streams of

A

high-speed electrons

18
Q

gamma rays are … similar to X-rays

A

high-energy radiations

19
Q

(alpha particle) ejection reduces the atomic number by …, the atomic weight by …

A

2; 4 amu

20
Q

(alpha particle) high …, relative …
range: about … in air
shielding needed: stopped by the thickness of a …, …

A

energy; velocity; 5 cm; sheet of paper; skin

21
Q

(alpha particle) interactions: produces about … ionizations per cm; repelled by the …; attracts …, but does not capture them until its speed is much …

A

100,000; positively charged nucleus; electrons; reduced

22
Q

(beta particle) ejected when a … decays into a … and an …

A

neutron; proton; electron

23
Q

(beta particle) high …, low ….
range: about … m
shielding needed: stopped by 1 cm of .. or thickness of …

A

velocity; energy; 12; aluminum; average book

24
Q

(beta particle) interactions: … because of high .., but produces about .. ionizations per cm

A

weak; velocity; 100

25
Q

(gamma radiation) no …, beta particles and gamma rays are usually …, after a beta is emitted, a gamma ray …
arrangement in nucleus is …. same velocity as …

A

charge; emitted together; follows; unknown; visible light

26
Q

(gamma radiation) range: …., shielding needed: about 13 cm of …., interactions: … of itself; gives … to electrons, which then perform the …

A

no specific range; lead; weak; energy; ionization

27
Q

photographic plate: the fogging of a photographic emulsion led to the discovery of radioactivity. if this emulsion is viewed under a high-power …, it is seen that beta and gamma rays cause the silver bromide grains to develop in a .. fashion

A

microscope; scattered

28
Q

scinitillation counter: a fluorescent screen will show the presence of … and … if the screen is viewed with a magnifying glass, small flashes of …, called …, will be observed. these allow one to detect the presence of and count …

A

electrons; X-rays; light; scintillations; alpha particles

29
Q

geiger counter: most widely used at the present time for determining … any particle that will produce an ion gives rise to an … so the type of particle cannot be indentified. however, each individual particle can be detected

A

individual radiation; avalanche of ions

30
Q

spontaneous disintegration produces the gas known as

A

radon

31
Q

transmutation: conversion of an element to a … because of a change in the number of …

A

new element; protons

32
Q

the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 is the same as in the atmosphere for any living organism because of the constant interchange of materials between …. and …. this fact is used for carbon dating

A

organism; surroundings

33
Q

a nuclear fission reaction is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into

A

two or more lighter nuclei

34
Q

a nuclear chain reaction is a reaction in which an initial step leads to a succession of

A

repeating steps that continues indefinitely

35
Q

a nuclear fusion reaction is the combination of very light nuclei to make a …. extremely high … and … are required in order to overcome the … forces of the two nuclei

A

heavier nucleus; temperatures; pressures; repulsive

36
Q

nuclear changes convert … into …. energy released during nuclear reactions is much greater than the energy released during …

A

matter; energy; chemical reactions

Chem Subject Test (11 decks)

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