ch 13, some representative groups and families

Question 1

allotropic forms of sulfur: … or … crystals that are pale …, …, and …
needle-shaped … crystals that are .., …, …, and …
amorphous form that is …, …, and …

Answer 1

rhombic; octahedral; yellow; opaque; brittle; monoclinic; yellow; waxy; translucent; brittle; dark; tough; elastic

Question 2

salts formed with the HSO4- (bisulfate ion) are called ….; the sulfate ion forms .. salts

Answer 2

acid salts; normal

Question 3

sulfuric acts as an … agent and as a … with carbohydrates

Answer 3

oxidizing; dehydrating agent

Question 4

(common sulfides and colors) 
ZnS- ...
CdS- ...
As2S3- .... 
Sb2S3- ....
CuS- ... 
HgS- .... 
PbS- ...

Answer 4

white; bright yellow; lemon yellow; orange; black; black; brown-black

Question 5

sulfur dioxide is a … gas with a … odor

Answer 5

colorless; suffocating

Question 6

at room temp: f is a …, cl is a …, br is a …, and i is a ..

Answer 6

pale yellow gas; green gas; dark red liquid; purplish black crystal solid

Question 7

HCl is used in many important

Answer 7

industrial processes

Question 8

silver bromide and silver iodide are used on ….

Answer 8

photographic film

Question 9

HF is used to … by reacting with SiO2 to release silicon fluoride glass and is also used to …

Answer 9

etch glass; frost lightbulbs

Question 10

fluorides are used in … and … to reduce …

Answer 10

water; toothpaste; tooth decay

Question 11

the inactivity of N2 gas can be explained by the act that the two atoms of N are bonded by

Answer 11

three covalent bonds

Question 12

nature “fixes” nitrogen, or makes nitrogen .., by means of a nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in the roots of leguminous plants

Answer 12

combine

Question 13

nitric acid is useful in making …, …, and many of the … on cars

Answer 13

dyes; celluloid film; lacquers

Question 14

because of its ease of decomposition, nitric acid is a good

Answer 14

oxidizing agent

Question 15

when nitric acid is mixed with HCL, the mixture is called … because of its ability to …

Answer 15

aqua regia; dissolve gold

Question 16

molten iron from blast furnace is called

Answer 16

pig iron

Question 17

pig iron can be used in three … that burn out … and set the ..

Answer 17

steel-making processes; impurities; contents

Question 18

basic oxygen frnace uses a lined “…” into which the molten .. is poured. this burns out … to make a batch of steel

Answer 18

pot; pig iron; impurities

Question 19

(alloys) melting pt is … than that of its components

Answer 19

lower

Question 20

(alloys) an alloy is usually … than the metals that compose it

Answer 20

harder

Question 21

(alloys) crystal structure: the size of the crystalline particles in the alloy determines many of the physical properties. if the alloy cools slowly, the crystalline particles tend to be …, thus, by heating and cooling an alloy, its properties can be … considerably

Answer 21

larger; altered

Question 22

common alloys: 
brass: made of ... and ..
bronze: made of ... and ...
steel: made of ..., ..., ..., .., and..., which is alloyed with ... and ... 
sterling silver alloyed with ...

Answer 22

Cu; Zn; Cu; Sn; C; Mn; S; P; Si; Ni; Cr; Cu

Question 23

metalloids as a group may form … or … bonds

Answer 23

ionic; covalent