Ch. 7 - Genes Flashcards
What are the stages of the human life cycle?
Gamete Zygote Embyro fetus baby
Define prokaryote
single, circular chromosome
Define eukaryote
linear chromosomes
Define mutation.
mistakes in copying DNA that produce different versions of genes with different results
Define segregation.
separation of pairs of alleles during the production of gametes
Define Independent assortment.
segregation of chromosomes during meiosis
homologous pairs move into gametes randomly and independently
How many different combinations of chromosomes are possible per human gamete?
8 million so with both it would be 64 trillion different possibilities
How identical are dizygotic twins?
50% identical
Who was the first genetic scientist?
Gregor Mendel
What did Gregor Mendel discover?
mating between pea plants
described patterns of inheritance for traits from single genes with a few alleles
Define genotype
genetic composition of an individual, describes alleles
Define phenotype
physical traits
What is cystic fibrosis?
a recessive genetic disease
defect in Chloride transport in the lungs
What is Huntington’s Disease?
a dominant human genetic disease
symptoms of restlessness, irritability, and difficulty in walking, thinking, and remembering
