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Frontiers to Biology > Ch. 5 - Life in the Greenhouse > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - Life in the Greenhouse Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is some evidence of climate change?

A

ocean heat content has increased
temp in the Atlantic increased
Ice cores store past samples of the atmosphere
bubbles of air trapped when ice formed

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2
Q

What is global climate change?

A

local changes in average temperature, precipitation, and sea level

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3
Q

What is Global Warming?

A

the progressive increase of Earth’s average temperature

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4
Q

What is global warming caused by?

A

the increase in concentration of greenhouse gases

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5
Q

What are the top four greenhouse gases that affect climate change and global warming?

A

water vapor
CO2
Methane
Ozone (O3)

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6
Q

What is global warming mostly attributed to?

A

human activities

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7
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

heat from the sun is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, CO2, and other greenhouse gases and reradiated back to Earth.

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8
Q

How to gases connect with space?

A

the prevent too much heat from escaping into space

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9
Q

How do bodies of water help Earth’s temperatures?

A

Bodies of water absorb heat energy and help maintain stable temperatures

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10
Q

Define Heat.

A

the total amount of energy associated with movement of atoms and molecules

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11
Q

How does temperature measure heat?

A

It measures the intensity of heat and how fast the

molecules move

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12
Q

what do hydrogen bonds allow water to do? What does this prevent?

A

absorb and release heat; it helps prevent large changes in temperature

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13
Q

What does carbon flow between?

A

living organisms
atmosphere
bodies of water
rocks

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14
Q

Define Fossil Fuels.

A

The concentration of energy forms produced from the stored carbohydrates of ancient buried organisms.

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15
Q

What are some examples of Fossil Fuels?

A

Petroleum
Coal
Natural gas

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16
Q

Define Photosynthesis.

A

process that traps light energy from the sun and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar

17
Q

Define chloroplast.

A

organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis happens

18
Q

What are the parts of a chloroplast?

A
  • has two membranes (outer and inner) together called the envelope
  • the stroma (thick fluid that houses some of the enzymes of photosynthesis
  • thylakoids (disklike membranous structure usually in stacks like pancakes)
19
Q

Define Chlorophyll.

A

covers surface of thylakoid and its a pigment that absorbs energy and light from the sun

20
Q

What color wavelengths does chlorophyll absorb and reflect?

A

absorbs blue and red wavelengths

reflects green

21
Q

What is the chemical rxn for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

22
Q

What are the two steps of photosynthesis?

A

Light Reactions

Calvin Cycle

23
Q

What happens in the light reactions step of photosynthesis?

A

harvests energy from the sun when there is sunlight

occurs within the thylakoids and generates ATP, energized electrons which are transported via NADPH

24
Q

What happens in the Calvin Cycle step of photosynthesis?

A

uses the ATP and NADPH generated by the light reactions to synthesize sugars from CO2
this can occur in either the presence or absence of sunlight.

25
Q

What is the Calvin Cycle also called?

A

the light independent reactions

26
Q

Define stromata.

A

openings in leaves for entrance of gases

27
Q

Define guard cells.

A

two kidney bean shaped cells that regulate stomata openings

28
Q

What happens when the guard cells are compressed against each other?

A

the stomata are closed, thus restricting the flow of gases into or out of the plant

29
Q

What is transpiration?

A

movement of water through a plants stomata

30
Q

What happens when the stomata is open? closed?

A

open: there is plenty of CO2, but there is a loss of water
closed: rate of photosynthesis is reduced, CO2 doesn’t enter, and conservation of water

31
Q

What can lower the rate of photosynthesis?

A

high temperatures

32
Q

What is photorespiration?

A

series of reactions that counteract photosynthesis

33
Q

What happens during photorespiration?

A

Closed stomata limits CO2 levels
Oxygen is used instead of CO2 to react with RuBP
Plants will release CO2 instead of oxygen

34
Q

What are the 3 types of Plants?

A

CAM, C3, and C4

35
Q

Most plants are what type?

A

C3 plants

36
Q

What do C4 plants avoid?

A

photorespiration

Frontiers to Biology (3 decks)

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