Ch. 5 - Life in the Greenhouse Flashcards
What is some evidence of climate change?
ocean heat content has increased
temp in the Atlantic increased
Ice cores store past samples of the atmosphere
bubbles of air trapped when ice formed
What is global climate change?
local changes in average temperature, precipitation, and sea level
What is Global Warming?
the progressive increase of Earth’s average temperature
What is global warming caused by?
the increase in concentration of greenhouse gases
What are the top four greenhouse gases that affect climate change and global warming?
water vapor
CO2
Methane
Ozone (O3)
What is global warming mostly attributed to?
human activities
What is the greenhouse effect?
heat from the sun is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, CO2, and other greenhouse gases and reradiated back to Earth.
How to gases connect with space?
the prevent too much heat from escaping into space
How do bodies of water help Earth’s temperatures?
Bodies of water absorb heat energy and help maintain stable temperatures
Define Heat.
the total amount of energy associated with movement of atoms and molecules
How does temperature measure heat?
It measures the intensity of heat and how fast the
molecules move
what do hydrogen bonds allow water to do? What does this prevent?
absorb and release heat; it helps prevent large changes in temperature
What does carbon flow between?
living organisms
atmosphere
bodies of water
rocks
Define Fossil Fuels.
The concentration of energy forms produced from the stored carbohydrates of ancient buried organisms.
What are some examples of Fossil Fuels?
Petroleum
Coal
Natural gas
Define Photosynthesis.
process that traps light energy from the sun and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar
Define chloroplast.
organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis happens
What are the parts of a chloroplast?
- has two membranes (outer and inner) together called the envelope
- the stroma (thick fluid that houses some of the enzymes of photosynthesis
- thylakoids (disklike membranous structure usually in stacks like pancakes)
Define Chlorophyll.
covers surface of thylakoid and its a pigment that absorbs energy and light from the sun
What color wavelengths does chlorophyll absorb and reflect?
absorbs blue and red wavelengths
reflects green
What is the chemical rxn for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the two steps of photosynthesis?
Light Reactions
Calvin Cycle
What happens in the light reactions step of photosynthesis?
harvests energy from the sun when there is sunlight
occurs within the thylakoids and generates ATP, energized electrons which are transported via NADPH
What happens in the Calvin Cycle step of photosynthesis?
uses the ATP and NADPH generated by the light reactions to synthesize sugars from CO2
this can occur in either the presence or absence of sunlight.
