Ch 7 General Cognition based tech of Coping Flashcards
Cognition
One’s thoughts, thinking patterns, mental processes
Cognitive Psychology
Studies the raw workings of mind and Mental Processes
Strategic Thinking
Purposeful plan on how to cope
Maladaptive Coping Strategies
Hopelessness and wishful thinking
Intrusion
Frequently recurring negative thoughts
Self-blame
Poor coping strategy involving negative evaluations of oneself
Rumination (Maladaptive)
Excessively thinking about an issue
Catastrophizing
Imagining and suspecting the worst outcome MUST occur in a situation.
Positive Reappraisal
Put a positive twist on a seemingly adverse event
Coping Flexibility
Whether you have ONE basic approach or VARIOUS strategies to deal with difficult situations
Differentiation
Ability to look at different situations and distinguish Similarities and Differences
Integration
Weighing Pro/ Con
Attributions
Personal explanations for behavior
Internal cause
Personality is the reason for the behavior or stress
External cause
Situational or Environmental factors explain one’s behavior or stress.
Theory of Correspondent Inference
We infer others dispositions as they correspond to their behavior.
Analysis of Variance Model of Attribution (ANOVA)
2 types of Attributions (Covariation and Configuration) used to understand behavior depending on info available.
Covariation
Process where we consider Consistency, Distinctiveness, and Consensus to attribute one’s behavior to internal or external causes
Consistency
Acts a certain way on a situation
Distinctiveness
Whether someone acts differently in different situations
Consensus
Whether others behave similarly in the same situation as the individual.
Configuration
Attributions that are made using Causal Schemata
Fundamental Attribution error
we overestimate the importance of personality and underestimate the role of situational influences.
Actor- Observer Bias
We often blame others action on personality VS ours on the situational influences.
Self - serving Bias
we attribute success to Internal causes and failures to external
Sadder but Wiser effect
Depressed people are sadder but wiser because they don’t showcase attritional bias.
Ultimate attribution error
Giving the benefit of the doubt to your group but not others.
Causal attribution
Our understanding of what factors caused an event from the subjective viewpoint of the person making the attribution
Selective incidence attribution
Why me?
Responsibility attributions
Did I or someone else cause the event to occur?
Theory of Cognitive adaptation(3 concepts)
Coping involves:
1) Search for meaning in experience
2) Attempt to gain mastery over event and life.
3) enhance self-esteem
Optimism
View world in positive fashion.
Personal control
sense that I can take effective action to produce positive and avoid negative outcomes.
Learned Helplessness
no longer attempting to control the environment after believing its futile.
Thought Suppression
attempting to consciously not think about some issue
Behavioral Control (exercise)
Take action as a means of coping
Informational Control
Acquiring knowledge as means of understanding one’s problems
Retrospective Control
Attempts to understand why certain events have occurred after the fact
Cognitive Control
Using thought-based strategies as a means to cope
Positive Illusions
Unrealistic inflated views about oneself, optimism, and perceptions of control that allow us to face moderately to severely stressful events
Assumptive Worlds Model
How we come to view ourselves and our world plays an integral role in our everyday functioning and actions during traumatic events
Schemas
A mental representation of some area of knowledge
Scripts
How certain events are generally supposed to function
Hope
Process of thinking about one’s goals coupled with the motivation to move toward them and achieve them
Pathways thinking
When an individual believes that it is possible to produce one or more ways to achieve a goal
Agentic Thinking
Sparks and Energizes an individual to continue pursuit of his goal.
Cognitive Flexibility
Ability to modify views during the reasoning process.
Hopelessness Theory of Depression
Hopelessness is a cause of Depression. You believe negative events are likely to occur instead of desirable events.
Characteristics of High Hope Individuals
Many Goals, Specific Goals, Realistic Goals, Goals require effort, Focus on Relevant Information, Multiple path ways to goal, High motivation, View obstacles as challenges, Confidence, Learn from mistakes and victories.
Characteristics of Low Hope
Few goals, Vague goals, Unrealistic goals, Goals are easy to attain, Rumination on negative information, Low motivation, low confidence, easily distracted, discouraged by obstacles.
Hope Theory
Hope is the process of thinking of goals and having the motivation to achieve them.
Heuristics
Mental rules of thumb for how one can seemingly solve a problem with minimal effort.
Relaxing
Seeking a sense of relief from ones current emotional or physical state
Meditation
Provides great relaxation due to muscle and breathing techniques coupled with an intense focus on a certain stimuli
Biofeedback
Info that psychologists give individuals about how their bodies physiologically change and respond to various situations and cognitions by using electromechanical devices
Hypnosis
Guided Focus on an individuals attention on imagined experiences
