Ch 7 Early Childhood Physical And Cognitive Dev

Question 1

Corpus callosum

Answer 1

Thick bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Question 2

Plasticity

Answer 2

Tendency of new parts of the brain to take up the functions of injured parts

Question 3

Gross motor skills

Answer 3

Skills employing the large muscles used in locomotion

Question 4

Fine motor skills

Answer 4

Skills employing the small muscles used in manipulation, such as those in the fingers

Question 5

Sleep terrors

Answer 5

Frightening dream-like experiences that occur during the deepest stage of non- REM sleep, shortly after the child has gone to sleep

Question 6

Somnambulism

Answer 6

Sleepwalking

Question 7

Enuresis

Answer 7

Failure to control the bladders once the normal age for control has been reached

Question 8

Bed-wetting

Answer 8

Failure to control the bladder during the night

Question 9

Encopresis

Answer 9

(Also soiling) failure to control the bowels once the normal age control for bowel has been reached

Question 10

Preoperational stage

Answer 10

Second stage in piaget’S scheme, characterized by inflexible and irreversible mental manipulation of symbols

Question 11

Symbolic play

Answer 11

Play in which children make believe that objects and toys are other than what they are (also pretend play)

Question 12

Egocentrism

Answer 12

Putting oneself at the center of things such that one is unable to perceive the world from another person’s point of view

Question 13

Precausal

Answer 13

A type of thought in which natural cause-and-effect relationships are attributed to will and other preoperational concepts

Question 14

Transductive reasoning

Answer 14

Reasoning from the specific to the specific

Question 15

Animism

Answer 15

The attribution of life and intentionality to inanimate objects

Question 16

Artificialisim

Answer 16

The belief that environmental features were made by people

Question 17

Conservation

Answer 17

Principle that properties of substances such as weight and mass remain the same when superficial characteristics such as their shapes of arrangement are changed

Question 18

Centration

Answer 18

Focusing on an aspect or characteristic of a situation or problem

Question 19

Class inclusion

Answer 19

Categorizing a new object or concept as belonging to a broader group of objects or concepts

Question 20

Scaffolding

Answer 20

Term for temporary cognitive structures or methods of solving problems that help the child as he or she learns to function independently

Question 21

Zone of proximal development (zpd)

Question 22

Theory of mind

Question 23

Appearance-reality distinction

Question 24

Scripts

Question 25

Autobiographical memory

Question 26

Rehearsal

Question 27

Fast mapping

Question 28

Whole object assumption

Question 29

Contrast assumption

Question 30

Overregularization

Question 31

Pragmatics

Question 32

Inner speech