Ch. 7 Care of Specific Populations Flashcards
Health Disparities
can be linked to gender, ethnicity, race, education, and income differences
Healthy People has a goal to eliminate disparities to achieve health equity
National Health Goals
goals to address for vulnerable populations include following;
- increasing the number of people who have a routine primary. care provider
- increasing the number of people who have insurance
- reducing number of people who are unable to access, or have a delay in accessing, health care services and prescribed medications
- reducing the number of people who have disabilities who report physical barriers to accessing health and wellness programs in the community
Violence;
Homicide
often r/t substance use
most by someone known to the victim and during arguments
violence often precedes homicide within families
rates are increasing among adolescents than other age groups
Violence;
Assault
- males are more likely than females to be assaulted
- youths are at a significantly increased risk
Violence;
Rape
often unreported
most incidences are spousal or acquaintance (date) rape
females more likely than males to get raped.
risk are increased in cities between 8 p.m. and 2 a.m. on the weekends, and in the summer months
Violence;
Suicide
per CDC- highest among individuals 45 to 64
- females more likely to attempt, males more likely to complete
- caucasians are more likely than other ethnic groups to commit suicide
risk factors include depression/ mental health disorders, substance use, having access to a firearm, partner violence or neglect issues
Violence
physical
sexual
emotional
neglect
neglect
failure to provide the following
- physical care (food, shelter, hygiene)
- emotional care
- education
- needed health or dental care
Social and Community Violence Risk Factors
-work stress
-unemployment
-media exposure to violence
-crowded living conditions
-poverty
-feelings of powerlessness
-social isolation
-lack of community resources (playgrounds, parks, theaters)
individual risk factors for violence
< Hx being abused or exposure to violence
< low self-esteem
< fear and distrust of others
< poor self-control
< inadequate social skills
< minimal social support/ isolation
< immature motivation for marriage or childbearing
< weak coping skills
Secondary Prevention for violence
- identify and screen those at risk
- assess and eval. any unexplained bruises/ injuries
- screen all pregnant women for potential abuse
- refer sexual assault/ rape survivors for assessment by a sexual assault abuse team
- assess and counsel anyone contemplating suicide/ homicide and refer
- support and educate the offender, even though a report must be made
- assess and help offenders address and deal with stressors
- alert all involved about available resources
- advocate for legislation designed to assist older adult independence and to ^ fundings for programs to low-icome/ at-risk
substance dependence
a pattern of pathological, compulsive use of substances and involves physiological psychological dependence
Cardinal indicators of dependence
include manifestations of tolerance and withdrawal
Denial is also a primary indicator;
- defensiveness
- lying about use
- minimizing use
- blaming/ rationalizing use
- intellectualizing
- “going with the flow”
Health problems with substance abuse
alcohol, tobacco, and other substances
- low birth weight
-congenital abnormalities
- accidents
- homicides
- suicides
- chronic diseases
- violence
- disability
Factors influencing the way the body processes alcohol
- size and weight
- sex
- carbonation (increase absorption)
- time elapsed during alcohol consumption
- food in the stomach
- drinker’s emotional state
- type of alcohol
alcohol withdrawal
manifestations appear within 4 to 12 hr
important to know when the last drink was ingested
