Ch 7 Attitudes and Attitude Change

Question 1

Evaluations of people, objects, and ideas

Answer 1

Attitudes

Question 2

An attitude based primarily on people’s beliefs about the properties of an attitude object

Answer 2

Cognitively Based Attitude

Question 3

An attitude based more on people’s feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object

Answer 3

Affectively Based Attitude

Question 4

An attitude based on observations of how one behaves toward an attitude object

Answer 4

Behaviorally Based Attitude

Question 5

Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report

Answer 5

Explicit Attitudes

Question 6

Attitudes that exist outside of conscious awareness

Answer 6

Implicit Attitudes

Question 7

The strength of the association between an attitude object and a person’s evaluation of that object, measured by the speed with which people can report how they feel about the object

Answer 7

Attitude Accessibility

Question 8

The idea that the best predictors of a person’s planned, deliberate behaviors are the person’s attitudes toward specific behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

Answer 8

Theory of Planned Behavior

Question 9

Communication (e.g., a speech or television ad) advocating a particular side of an issue

Answer 9

Persuasive Communication

Question 10

The study of the conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages, focusing on “who said what to whom”—the source of the communication, the nature of the communication, and the nature of the audience

Answer 10

Yale Attitude Change Approach

Question 11

An explanation of the two ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change: centrally, when people are motivated and have the ability to pay attention to the arguments in the communication, and peripherally, when people do not pay attention to the arguments but are instead swayed by surface characteristics

Answer 11

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Question 12

The case in which people have both the ability and the motivation to elaborate on a persuasive communication, listening carefully to and thinking about the arguments presented

Answer 12

Central Route to Persuasion

Question 13

The case in which people do not elaborate on the arguments in a persuasive communication but are instead swayed by more superficial cues

Answer 13

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Question 14

Persuasive messages that attempt to change people’s attitudes by arousing their fears

Answer 14

Fear-Arousing Communications

Question 15

Making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by initially exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position

Answer 15

Attitude Inoculation

Question 16

The idea that when people feel their freedom to perform a certain behavior is threatened, an unpleasant state of reactance is aroused, which they can reduce by performing the prohibited behavior

Answer 16

Reactance Theory