Ch 12 Aggression and Stress

Question 1

Intentional behavior aimed at doing harm or causing pain to another person

Answer 1

Aggression

Question 2

Aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain

Answer 2

Hostile Aggression

Question 3

Aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain

Answer 3

Instrumental Aggression

Question 4

The theory that people learn social behavior (e.g., aggression or altruism) in large part through observation and imitation of others and by cognitive processes such as plans, expectations, and beliefs

Answer 4

Social Cognitive Learning Theory

Question 5

The idea that frustration—the perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal—increases the probability of an aggressive response

Answer 5

Frustration-Aggression Theory

Question 6

The increase in aggression that can occur because of the mere presence of a gun or other weapon

Answer 6

Weapons Effect

Question 7

Sets of implicit rules that specify proper sexual behavior for a person in a given situation, varying with the person’s gender, age, religion, social status, and peer group

Answer 7

Sexual Scripts

Question 8

The notion that “blowing off steam”—by performing an aggressive act, watching others engage in aggressive behaviors, or engaging in a fantasy of aggression—relieves built-up aggressive energies and hence reduces the likelihood of further aggressive behavior

Answer 8

Catharsis

Question 9

Mild, transient reactions to stressful events, followed by a quick return to normal, healthy functioning

Answer 9

Resilience

Question 10

The negative feelings and beliefs that arise whenever people feel unable to cope with demands from their environment

Answer 10

Stress

Question 11

The tendency to believe that things happen because we control them versus believing that good and bad outcomes are out of our control

Answer 11

Internal-External Locus of Control

Question 12

The belief that we can influence our environment in ways that determine whether we experience positive or negative outcomes

Answer 12

Perceived Control

Question 13

Responding to stress by either attacking the source of the stress or fleeing from it

Answer 13

Fight-or-Flight Response

Question 14

Responding to stress with nurturant activities designed to protect oneself and one’s offspring (tending) and creating social networks that provide protection from threats (befriending)

Answer 14

Tend-and-Befriend Response

Question 15

The perception that others are responsive and receptive to one’s needs

Answer 15

Social Support