Ch 7 And Ch 8 (quantum Mechanics) Flashcards
Traveling waves
Radio, microwave
Nodes are moving point having no displacement
Spectrum relationships
Higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength
diffraction equation
d(sinx) = n(wavelength)
Energy of one photon
E= h(c/wavelength) or h(frequency)
Work function (joules per photon)
Work function= h(frequency of one photon) - Kinetic energy of electron
Max Kinetic energy of electron
= Elight - E (initial)
minimum energy is equal to
E initial= h(threshold frequency)
Bohrs model of energy
E= -Z^2 (1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2) Rh
= joules per atom
To find energy at ground state or excited state given only one n value
E=-hcRh(1/n^2)
The energy to ionize is
nf= infinity in bohrs model equation
De broglies wavelength
Wavelength = h/ mv
m=mass in kg
(v= velocity m/s)
To find kinetic energy
E=1/2 (mv^2)
m=mass in kg
(v=m/s)
(In schrodinger equation) Wave function squared =
Probability of electron location
l=0
l=1
l=2
l=3
=s orbital
=p orbital
=d orbital
=f orbital
Number of subshells in a shell
=n
Number of orbitals in a shell
=n^2
of orbitals in a subshell
= 2l + 1
n=
l=
ml=
Shell; size, energy of hydrogen
Sub-shell; shape
Orbital orientation
Effective Z
Equals the number of electrons in the last shell
Zeff , ionization energy and electronegativity increases as you
Go across the periodic table
Ionization energy and electronegativity increase you go
Up on the periodic table
Radial size increases as you
Go down and to the left on the periodic table
Exceptions to ionization energy are
Group 3 and 6
B/c for group 3 2p is higher in energy than 2s so less energy is required to take from 2p.
For group 6 easier to ionize because more stable without the paired electron in 2p subshell. And b/c of electron electron repulsion.
Electronegativity trend case is that
Group 2 to 3 there is a big jump in energy. (Row 2 has large energy but row 3 has small energy)
Electron affinity exceptions
- Rare gases don’t want to gain
- Group 5 are less willing to gain due to e- pairing
- group 2 doesn’t want to gain chase next e- goes in higher E orbital.
Standing waves
Pluck a guitar string
Node is stationary= no displacement
Planar nodes =
l value
Radial nodes
n-l-1
If an ion of +
Take away electrons from higher n value; than go onto the higher l value
Valence electrons are
S,p, but not d and f when full.
If a ion w/ - charge
Add electrons to last sub shell in electron config
