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HEAL 132 > ch. 7 > Flashcards

ch. 7 Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine sys functions

A 
maintain homeostasis.
 Adjust nutrient levels
 Respond to the environment
 Direct growth and development
Endocrine system organs function by:
 Sending signals to other organs.
 Receiving signals from other organs.
 Changing their behavior based on the signals.
Signals are sent from one organ to another via the
bloodstream.
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2
Q

hypothalamus

A

structure in your brain that makes and releases many hormones

sends hormones into the blood that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland

Hormones from the
anterior pituitary gland
stimulate other
endocrine glands.

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3
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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4
Q

Adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland located on top of kidney like party hat

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5
Q

Cortic/o

A

outre surface referring to adrenal cortex

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6
Q

Gonad/o

A

sex organs, testes and ovaries

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7
Q

Pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

Pituitar/o, hypophsy/o

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

Thym/o

A

thymus

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10
Q

Thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid

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11
Q

Gluc/o, glucos/o,

glyc/o

A

sugar

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12
Q

Crin/o

A

secretion, to secrete

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13
Q

pituitary gland

A

secretes hormones

into the blood that act on other organs

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14
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the outer part of the adrenal gland, pit gland

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15
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Thyroid secretes T3, T4, and

calcitonin, pit gland

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16
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulate the gonads, pit gland

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17
Q

Thyroid gland

A

 T3 and T4
 Hyperthyroidism
 Hypothyroidism

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18
Q

Calcitonin

A

look up

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19
Q

Pancreas

A 
 Endocrine function is to
secrete hormones
 Insulin – decreases blood sugar
 Glucagon – increases blood
sugar
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20
Q

Adrenal gland

A 
Adrenal gland
 Medulla
      Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Cortex
      Corticosteroids
            • Mineralocorticoids: mineral balance
            • Glucocorticoids- sugar balance
• Testosterone and estrogen
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21
Q

Hormone levels are

detected by

A

measuring blood
concentration levels
of nutrients.

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22
Q

Common

measurements:

A
  • Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar
  • Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar
  • Euglycemia: good blood sugar
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23
Q

Can also measure
endocrine function
by

A

urinalysis
•Glucosuria: sugar in urine- sign of diabetes
•Ketonuria: ketones in the urine- faulty carb digestion

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24
Q

Hormon/o

A

hormone

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25
Q

Ket/o

A

ketone bodies

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26
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone, stiumaulates another hormone

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27
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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28
Q

-uria

A

urin cond

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29
Q

Adenalgia

A

pain in a gland

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30
Q

Adrenal virilism

A

dev of male secondary sex characterists from an overactive adrenal gland– like facial hair or low voice

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31
Q

Adrenarche

A

beginning of adrenal secretion, happens at puberty

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32
Q

Hirsutism

A

excessive growth of body or facial hair in women

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33
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual cycle

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34
Q

Gynecomastia

A

dev of breast tissue in males

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35
Q

Hypergonadism

A

condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands

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36
Q

Hypogonadism

A

undersecretion of the sex glands- steroid use symptom

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37
Q

Menarche

A

beginning of menstration– first cycle

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38
Q

Thelarche

A

beginning of breast dev

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39
Q

Hypoglycemic

A

low blood sugar

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40
Q

Pancreatalgia

A

pain in the pancreas

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41
Q

Polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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42
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

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43
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

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44
Q

Acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of extremeties

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45
Q

Galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk

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46
Q

Pituitary dwarfism

A

absnormally short height caused by under secretion of growth hormone from pit gland

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47
Q

Pituitary gigantism

A

absnormally tall height caused by over secretion of growth hormone from pit gland

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48
Q

Exophthalmos

A

bulging eyes

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49
Q

Thyrocele, goiter

A

swollen thyroid gland

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50
Q

Thyromegaly

A

enlarged thryoid

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51
Q

Thyroptosis

A

drooping thyroid

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52
Q

evaluating endocrine abnormalities

A

 Blood tests (-emia)

 Urine analysis (-uria)

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53
Q

Chloremia

A

increased chloride in the blood

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54
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in blood

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55
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

excessive potassium in blood

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56
Q

Hypernatremia

A

excessive sodium in blood

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57
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

excessive phosphates in blood

58
Q

Conditions of blood related to acid/base balance

A

 Acidemia: abnormal acidity of blood

 Alkalemia: abnormal alkylinity of the blood

59
Q

Conditions of blood related to

cholesterol and fats

A

 Hypercholesterolemia: excessive cholesterol in blood

 Hyperlipidemia: excessive fat in blood

60
Q

Uremia

A

urinary waste in blood stream

61
Q

Calciuria

A

calcium in urine

62
Q

Glucosuria

A

sugar in urine

63
Q

Ketonuria

A

ketones in urine

64
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

stiumulates cortex of adrenal gland

65
Q

Corticotropin

A

same as Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

66
Q

Gonadotropin

A

stiumlates gonads

67
Q

Thyrotropin

A

stimulates thyroid

68
Q

Euthyroid

A

good thyroid

69
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

formation of glucose from non carb sources

70
Q

Glycolysis

A

breakdown of sugar

71
Q

Glycopenia

A

deficiency of sugar

72
Q

Gonadogenesis

A

creation or dev of gonads

73
Q

Metabolism

A

breakdown of matter into energy

74
Q

Diagnostic endocrine terms

A

 Glycemic index: ranking of food based on the way it affects blood sugar levels
 Ketogenesis: creation of ketone bodies

75
Q

Related to anatomy endocrinology

A

 Endocrine: secrete internally usually bloodstream

 Exocrine: secrete externally through a duct sys and leaves surface of body

76
Q

endocrinologist

A

specialist of internal secretions

77
Q

Cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine bile ducts and pancreas

78
Q

Endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine bile ducts and pancreas with endoscope passing backwards into digestive sys

79
Q

Thyroid function tests

A

test thyroid function

80
Q

Problems occur with
oversecretion or
undersecretion of a
hormone.

A

 Tumors

 Inflammation

81
Q

Adenitis

A

inflammation of gland

82
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of a gland

83
Q

Adenoma

A

tumor in a gland

84
Q

Adenopathy

A

disease of gland

85
Q

Polyadenopathy

A

disease of many glands

86
Q

Adenosis

A

condition of gland

87
Q

Dysmetabolic

syndrome

A

combo of med disorders associated w faulty metabolism

88
Q

Ketosis

A

cond w elevated ketone bodies

89
Q

Thymoma

A

thymus tumor

90
Q

Adrenalitis

A

infammation of adrenal gland

91
Q

Adrenal adenoma

A

tumor of adrenal gland

92
Q

Adrenocortical

carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of adrenal gland

93
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

A

condition in which adrenal glands underporduce necessary hormones

94
Q

 Adrenocortical

insufficiency

A

adrenal cortex underproduces

95
Q

Adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

look up

96
Q

Congenital adrenal

hyperplasia

A

genetic disease where adrenal gland is overdev resulting in deficiencies and overproductions of diff hormones

97
Q

Pancreatic

pseudocyst

A

false cyst of pancreas

98
Q

Pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas

99
Q

Pancreatolith

A

stone in pancreas

100
Q

Pancreatolithiasis

A

presence of stone in pancreas

101
Q

Insulinoma

A

insulin secreting tumor

102
Q

Conditions caused by a
malfunctioning
pancreas

A

 Diabetes mellitus: excessive urination and hyperglycemia metabolic disease
 Diabetic ketoacidosis: acidity of blood caused by presence of ketone bodies produced when body is unable to burn sugar

103
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

over function of pitutary gland

104
Q

Hypophysitis

A

look up

105
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

undersecretion of pituitary gland

106
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

defective or absent function of entire pituitary gland

107
Q

Pituitary infarction

A

death of pituitary

108
Q

Pituitary adenoma

A

tumor of pituitary gland

109
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

overporduction by thyroid gland

110
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

underporduction by thyroid gland

111
Q

Treatment of endocrine disease

A 
If the hormone level is too low,
administer the hormone.
If the hormone level is too high,
take action to lower it.  Medication that destroys
part of the gland
 Surgical removal of the
gland
112
Q

Adenectomy

A

take out gland

113
Q

Thymectomy

A

take out thymus

114
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

take out adrenal gland

115
Q

Laparoscopic

adrenalectomy

A

take out adrenal gland w laparoscope

116
Q

Pancreatectomy

A

remove pancrease

117
Q

Hypophysectomy

A

remove pituitary gland

118
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

remove parathryoid gland

119
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

remove thryoid gland

120
Q

Thyroparathyroidectomy

A

remove thryroid and parathyroid gland

121
Q

Ketogenic diet

A

med treatment

122
Q

Continuous subcutaneous

insulin infusion

A

insulin pump attached to body

123
Q

Thyroidotomy

A

incision into thyroid

124
Q

Thyroidotoxin

A

substance poisonus to thryoid

125
Q

Pancreatolithectomy

A

remove stone from pancreas

126
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

look up

127
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

overprod of parathryoid gland

128
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

underpord of parathryoid gland

129
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

130
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

131
Q

ERCP

A

look up

132
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

133
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test gestational test

134
Q

T3

A

look up

135
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

136
Q

HgA1C

A

hemoglobin A1C test

137
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

138
Q

DI

A

diabetes LOOK UP

139
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

140
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

141
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

HEAL 132 (8 decks)

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