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HEAL 132 > ch. 4 > Flashcards

ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

moves you and allows you to move objects.

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2
Q

skeleton

A

supports load

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3
Q

muscles

A

provide power to move you and objects both small and large

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4
Q

Epiphyses

A

ends of bones, singular (epiphysis)
 This allows the bone to continue to grow lengthwise.
 The epiphyseal plate turns to bone @ end of puberty

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5
Q

Diaphysis

A

middle of bone; also called shaft

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6
Q

Metaphysis

A

neck; connects the diaphysis with the epiphysis

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7
Q

Axial

A

 Skull
 Spine
 The spine is made up of vertebrae.
 Vertebral sections include the cervical, thoracic,
lumbar, and sacral.
 Sternum
 Ribs

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8
Q

Appendicular

A

 Upper extremities: Arms, Wrists, Hands

 Lower extremities: Legs, Ankles, Feet

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9
Q

Divisions of the skeletal system

A

Axial and appendicular

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10
Q

Oste/o

A

bone

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11
Q

Crani/o

A

skull

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12
Q

Cervic/o

A

neck

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13
Q

Spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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14
Q

Lumb/o

A

loin; lower back

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15
Q

Brachi/o

A

upper arm

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16
Q

Dactyl/o

A

fingers

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17
Q

Carp/o

A

wrists

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18
Q

Cost/o

A

rib

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19
Q

Femor/o

A

femur

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20
Q

Tibi/o

A

sharp bone that runs down front of leg– tibia

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21
Q

Tarso

A

ankle

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22
Q

joint

A
  • Where two bones meet

* Most joints allow movement between the bones.

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23
Q

Joint movements

A
  • Flexion and extension

* Adduction and abduction

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24
Q

Joints are held together by supportive tissues

A
  • Ligaments

* Tendons

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25
Q

Joints can have supportive structures

A
  • Cartilage

* Bursae

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26
Q

Ligament

A

bone to bone connection

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27
Q

Tendon

A

bone to muscle connection

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28
Q

Chondr/o

A

cartilage

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29
Q

Bursae

A

sacs of fluid under tendons which keep muscles and bones moving smoothly as well, decreases friction

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30
Q

Cartilage

A

surrounds bones at the joints and allows smooth movement among them; at ends of joints

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31
Q

Arthr/o

A

joint

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32
Q

Burs/o

A

bursa- singluar fluid filled sac

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33
Q

fascia

A

covers the outside of the muscle

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34
Q

Muscles

A
  • Collection of bundles of muscle fibers
  • Covered by fascia
  • Attached to bones via tendons
  • Function is to move the bones
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35
Q

Several types of muscle:

A
  • Skeletal/striated
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
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36
Q

skeletal muscles

A

aka striated muscle responsible for movement of bones

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37
Q

cardiac muscle

A

heart muscle

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38
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscle

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39
Q

Ten/o

A

tendon

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40
Q

Tend/o

A

tendon

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41
Q

Tendin/o

A

tendon

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42
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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43
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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44
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

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45
Q

kinesi/o

A

muscle movement or activity

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46
Q

ton/o

A

how much tension you have in muscle,

tone; tension; holds together muscle strength

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47
Q

Fasci/o

A

fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)

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48
Q

tax/o

A

nervous sys sends signal to contract

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49
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

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50
Q

-plegia

A

full paralysis

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51
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff or bent

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52
Q

most common musculoskeletal complaint

A

pain (-algia/-dynia)

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53
Q

Atrophy

A

process of muscle wasting

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54
Q

Hypertrophy

A

process of muscle getting bigger

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55
Q

Crepitus

A

creaks/feels like grinding

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56
Q

genu valgum

A

abnormal knees, knees in,

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57
Q

genu varum

A

abnormal knees, knees out

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58
Q

dystaxia/ataxia

A

poor coordination/movement

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59
Q

dyskinesia

A

cant stop movements/tremor

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60
Q

graphospasm

A

writing cramps

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61
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

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62
Q

diagnostic procedures:

A 
 Observation (limp, pain from pressure)
Radiologic tests:
      X-ray
      computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan)
      MRI
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63
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

puncture joint

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64
Q

Arthrogram

A

visual record of joint

65
Q

Arthroscope

A

tool to look into joint

66
Q

Arthroscopy

A

looking into joint

67
Q

Arthrography

A

procedure of examining into joint

68
Q

electromygram

A

record of electrical activity of a muscle

69
Q

electromyography

A

procedure for measuring electrical activity of a muscle

70
Q

Myography

A

procedure for studying muscles

71
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal curve of thoracic spine, old lady bent over walker

72
Q

lordosis

A

abnormally exagerated curve of lumbar spine too much curve in like preganant lady lean back

73
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curve of spine, spine curves to side

74
Q

syndactyly

A

fusion of fingers or toes

75
Q

polydactyly

A

more/many fingers or toes than normal

76
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of bone

77
Q

carpitis

A

inflammation of wrist

78
Q

Osteodystrophy

A

poor bone dev

79
Q

Osteolysis

A

bone loss

80
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

death of bone

81
Q

Osteosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of bone

82
Q

Exostosis

A

abnormal growth of bone out of another bone

83
Q

Craniomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the skull softening

84
Q

Spondylomalacia

A

softening of the vertebra

85
Q

Tarsoptosis

A

drooping ankles, flat feet

86
Q

Transverse

A

straight across

87
Q

Oblique

A

diagonal

88
Q

spiral

A

around bone

89
Q

angulated

A

angle to bone

90
Q

displaced

A

not where its supposed to

91
Q

angulated and displaced

A

can be both

92
Q

Bursolith

A

a stone in a bursa

93
Q

effusion

A

swell up, fluid build up

94
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood in joint– bad!

95
Q

Hydrarthrosis

A

water in joint

96
Q

Pyarthrosis

A

pus in joint

97
Q

Myolysis

A

loss of muscle tissue

98
Q

Myotonia

A

muscle tone

99
Q

Myotasis

A

stretching of muscle

100
Q

Myocele

A

muscle tissue hernia

101
Q

Dactylitis

A

inflammation of finger

102
Q

Hypertrophic spondylitis

A

over dev of vertabrae causing inflammation

103
Q

Osteitis

A

bone inflammation

104
Q

Osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

105
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and muscle

106
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

brittle bone disease

107
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

premature fusing of skull bones

108
Q

Osteomalacia

A

bone softening

109
Q

Osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density

110
Q

Osteopathy

A

disease of bone

111
Q

Osteopenia

A

reduction in bone volume, pre osteoporosis

112
Q

Spondylosis

A

loss of vertebrae structure

113
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

common in back pain, abnormal narrowing of spine

114
Q

Spondyloarthropathy

A

joint disease of vertabrae

115
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

slipping or dislocation of vertebra

116
Q

Spondylolysis

A

loss of vertebra structure

117
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammation of joints

118
Q

Septic arthritis

A

inflammation of joint from infection

119
Q

Arthropathy

A

joint disease

120
Q

Arthrocele

A

hernia of joint

121
Q

Arthrodysplasia

A

abnormal joint dev

122
Q

subluxation

A

a partial dislocation

123
Q

Polymyositis

A

inflammation of multiple muscles

124
Q

Myoclonus

A

violent muscle contractions

125
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

poor muscle development

126
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

lack of muscle control condition

127
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

fascia inflammed and dying

128
Q

Tendinitis, tendonitis

A

inflammation of the tendon

129
Q

Costectomy

A

removing rib

130
Q

Tarsectomy

A

removing all or protion of ankle

131
Q

open reduction

A

return bone to proper place w surgery

132
Q

closed reduction

A

return to proper place without surgery

133
Q

External fixation

A

fix of fracture from outside

134
Q

Internal fixation

A

inside and fix fracture

135
Q

Orthotics

A

device that aids with straightening or stabilizing part of body

136
Q

Prosthesis

A

device added to body to replace a missing part or function

137
Q

Osteoclasia

A

surgical breaking of bone

138
Q

tarsoclasia

A

surgical fracture/fixation of boHELP

139
Q

Spondylosyndesis

A

fusion of multiple vertebra procedure

140
Q

Arthrectomy

A

removal of joint

141
Q

Arthroclasia

A

breaking of a joint to increase mobility

142
Q

Vertebrae are identified by their location and number.

A

 C1-C7
 T1-T12
 L1-L5
 S1-S5

143
Q

Fx

A

fracture

144
Q

Tx

A

treatment or traction

145
Q

ACL/PCL

A

The anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments

146
Q

MCL/LCL

A

The medial/lateral ligaments are collaterals.

147
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

148
Q

Abbreviations that describe the patient’s activity level:

A

 FROM: full range of motion

 ROM: range of motion

149
Q

SLIDE

A

50

150
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis- inflammation of joints and surrounding tissues

151
Q

DTR

A

deep tendon reflexes

152
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

153
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

154
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction, internal fixation

155
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

156
Q

RICE

A

treatment for soft tissue injuries: rest, ice, compression, and elevation

157
Q

WB

A

weight bearing

158
Q

WBAT

A

weight bearing as tolerated

HEAL 132 (8 decks)

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