ch. 4 Flashcards
1
Q
musculoskeletal system
A
moves you and allows you to move objects.
2
Q
skeleton
A
supports load
3
Q
muscles
A
provide power to move you and objects both small and large
4
Q
Epiphyses
A
ends of bones, singular (epiphysis)
This allows the bone to continue to grow lengthwise.
The epiphyseal plate turns to bone @ end of puberty
5
Q
Diaphysis
A
middle of bone; also called shaft
6
Q
Metaphysis
A
neck; connects the diaphysis with the epiphysis
7
Q
Axial
A
Skull
Spine
The spine is made up of vertebrae.
Vertebral sections include the cervical, thoracic,
lumbar, and sacral.
Sternum
Ribs
8
Q
Appendicular
A
Upper extremities: Arms, Wrists, Hands
Lower extremities: Legs, Ankles, Feet
9
Q
Divisions of the skeletal system
A
Axial and appendicular
10
Q
Oste/o
A
bone
11
Q
Crani/o
A
skull
12
Q
Cervic/o
A
neck
13
Q
Spondyl/o
A
vertebra
14
Q
Lumb/o
A
loin; lower back
15
Q
Brachi/o
A
upper arm
16
Q
Dactyl/o
A
fingers
17
Q
Carp/o
A
wrists
18
Q
Cost/o
A
rib
19
Q
Femor/o
A
femur
20
Q
Tibi/o
A
sharp bone that runs down front of leg– tibia
21
Q
Tarso
A
ankle
22
Q
joint
A
- Where two bones meet
* Most joints allow movement between the bones.
23
Q
Joint movements
A
- Flexion and extension
* Adduction and abduction
24
Q
Joints are held together by supportive tissues
A
- Ligaments
* Tendons
25
Joints can have supportive structures
* Cartilage
| * Bursae
26
Ligament
bone to bone connection
27
Tendon
bone to muscle connection
28
Chondr/o
cartilage
29
Bursae
sacs of fluid under tendons which keep muscles and bones moving smoothly as well, decreases friction
30
Cartilage
surrounds bones at the joints and allows smooth movement among them; at ends of joints
31
Arthr/o
joint
32
Burs/o
bursa- singluar fluid filled sac
33
fascia
covers the outside of the muscle
34
Muscles
* Collection of bundles of muscle fibers
* Covered by fascia
* Attached to bones via tendons
* Function is to move the bones
35
Several types of muscle:
* Skeletal/striated
* Cardiac
* Smooth
36
skeletal muscles
aka striated muscle responsible for movement of bones
37
cardiac muscle
heart muscle
38
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
39
Ten/o
tendon
40
Tend/o
tendon
41
Tendin/o
tendon
42
muscul/o
muscle
43
my/o
muscle
44
myos/o
muscle
45
kinesi/o
muscle movement or activity
46
ton/o
how much tension you have in muscle,
| tone; tension; holds together muscle strength
47
Fasci/o
fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)
48
tax/o
nervous sys sends signal to contract
49
-paresis
partial paralysis
50
-plegia
full paralysis
51
ankyl/o
stiff or bent
52
most common musculoskeletal complaint
pain (-algia/-dynia)
53
Atrophy
process of muscle wasting
54
Hypertrophy
process of muscle getting bigger
55
Crepitus
creaks/feels like grinding
56
genu valgum
abnormal knees, knees in,
57
genu varum
abnormal knees, knees out
58
dystaxia/ataxia
poor coordination/movement
59
dyskinesia
cant stop movements/tremor
60
graphospasm
writing cramps
61
myasthenia
muscle weakness
62
diagnostic procedures:
```
Observation (limp, pain from pressure)
Radiologic tests:
X-ray
computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan)
MRI
```
63
Arthrocentesis
puncture joint
64
Arthrogram
visual record of joint
65
Arthroscope
tool to look into joint
66
Arthroscopy
looking into joint
67
Arthrography
procedure of examining into joint
68
electromygram
record of electrical activity of a muscle
69
electromyography
procedure for measuring electrical activity of a muscle
70
Myography
procedure for studying muscles
71
kyphosis
abnormal curve of thoracic spine, old lady bent over walker
72
lordosis
abnormally exagerated curve of lumbar spine too much curve in like preganant lady lean back
73
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve of spine, spine curves to side
74
syndactyly
fusion of fingers or toes
75
polydactyly
more/many fingers or toes than normal
76
spondylitis
inflammation of bone
77
carpitis
inflammation of wrist
78
Osteodystrophy
poor bone dev
79
Osteolysis
bone loss
80
Osteonecrosis
death of bone
81
Osteosclerosis
abnormal hardening of bone
82
Exostosis
abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
83
Craniomalacia
abnormal softening of the skull softening
84
Spondylomalacia
softening of the vertebra
85
Tarsoptosis
drooping ankles, flat feet
86
Transverse
straight across
87
Oblique
diagonal
88
spiral
around bone
89
angulated
angle to bone
90
displaced
not where its supposed to
91
angulated and displaced
can be both
92
Bursolith
a stone in a bursa
93
effusion
swell up, fluid build up
94
hemarthrosis
blood in joint-- bad!
95
Hydrarthrosis
water in joint
96
Pyarthrosis
pus in joint
97
Myolysis
loss of muscle tissue
98
Myotonia
muscle tone
99
Myotasis
stretching of muscle
100
Myocele
muscle tissue hernia
101
Dactylitis
inflammation of finger
102
Hypertrophic spondylitis
over dev of vertabrae causing inflammation
103
Osteitis
bone inflammation
104
Osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
105
Osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and muscle
106
Osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bone disease
107
Craniosynostosis
premature fusing of skull bones
108
Osteomalacia
bone softening
109
Osteoporosis
loss of bone density
110
Osteopathy
disease of bone
111
Osteopenia
reduction in bone volume, pre osteoporosis
112
Spondylosis
loss of vertebrae structure
113
Spinal stenosis
common in back pain, abnormal narrowing of spine
114
Spondyloarthropathy
joint disease of vertabrae
115
Spondylolisthesis
slipping or dislocation of vertebra
116
Spondylolysis
loss of vertebra structure
117
Rheumatoid arthritis
inflammation of joints
118
Septic arthritis
inflammation of joint from infection
119
Arthropathy
joint disease
120
Arthrocele
hernia of joint
121
Arthrodysplasia
abnormal joint dev
122
subluxation
a partial dislocation
123
Polymyositis
inflammation of multiple muscles
124
Myoclonus
violent muscle contractions
125
Muscular dystrophy
poor muscle development
126
Tardive dyskinesia
lack of muscle control condition
127
Necrotizing fasciitis
fascia inflammed and dying
128
Tendinitis, tendonitis
inflammation of the tendon
129
Costectomy
removing rib
130
Tarsectomy
removing all or protion of ankle
131
open reduction
return bone to proper place w surgery
132
closed reduction
return to proper place without surgery
133
External fixation
fix of fracture from outside
134
Internal fixation
inside and fix fracture
135
Orthotics
device that aids with straightening or stabilizing part of body
136
Prosthesis
device added to body to replace a missing part or function
137
Osteoclasia
surgical breaking of bone
138
tarsoclasia
surgical fracture/fixation of boHELP
139
Spondylosyndesis
fusion of multiple vertebra procedure
140
Arthrectomy
removal of joint
141
Arthroclasia
breaking of a joint to increase mobility
142
Vertebrae are identified by their location and number.
C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
143
Fx
fracture
144
Tx
treatment or traction
145
ACL/PCL
The anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments
146
MCL/LCL
The medial/lateral ligaments are collaterals.
147
OA
osteoarthritis
148
Abbreviations that describe the patient’s activity level:
FROM: full range of motion
| ROM: range of motion
149
SLIDE
50
150
RA
rheumatoid arthritis- inflammation of joints and surrounding tissues
151
DTR
deep tendon reflexes
152
EMG
electromyogram
153
NSAID
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
154
ORIF
open reduction, internal fixation
155
PT
physical therapy
156
RICE
treatment for soft tissue injuries: rest, ice, compression, and elevation
157
WB
weight bearing
158
WBAT
weight bearing as tolerated
