Ch. 7-8 notes Flashcards
Q: What was the Second Great Awakening?
A: A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized personal salvation, moral improvement, and social reform. It inspired movements like abolition, temperance, and women’s rights.
Importance: This movement played a key role in sparking many of the major reform movements of the 19th century, including the push for the abolition of slavery, women’s rights, and the temperance movement.
Q: What is transcendentalism?
A: A philosophical movement in the 1830s and 1840s that emphasized individual intuition, self-reliance, and a deep connection to nature. Transcendentalists supported social reforms like abolition and women’s rights.
Importance: Transcendentalism promoted individualism and a deep connection to nature, which led to support for social reforms and the belief that people had the power to bring about change, especially in terms of slavery and women’s rights.
Q: How did the Second Great Awakening set the stage for reform movements?
A: The Second Great Awakening encouraged personal salvation and moral reform, inspiring movements like abolition, women’s rights, education reform, and temperance.
Importance: This religious movement helped shift the moral attitudes of society, encouraging individuals to work towards social justice and equality
Q: What were the main concepts of transcendentalism?
A: Transcendentalism focused on self-reliance, intuition, and nature. It encouraged personal freedom and supported social reforms like the abolition of slavery and women’s rights.
Importance: These principles encouraged individuals to trust their own instincts and embrace social changes, including advocating for the rights of marginalized groups such as women and enslaved people.
Q: Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
A: An abolitionist and founder of The Liberator, a newspaper that called for immediate emancipation and full equality for African Americans. He promoted nonviolent moral persuasion.
Importance: Garrison’s work through The Liberator was pivotal in mobilizing anti-slavery sentiment in the North and contributed greatly to the abolition movement.
Q: Who was Frederick Douglass?
A: A former slave who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and speaker. He advocated for education, political action, and public speaking to end slavery and achieve equality.
Importance: Douglass’s personal story and powerful speeches made him one of the most important voices in the abolition movement, illustrating the importance of education and activism in securing freedom and equality.
Q: How did Garrison, Walker, and Douglass differ in their beliefs about abolition?
A: Garrison advocated nonviolence and moral persuasion. Walker urged violent rebellion. Douglass supported peaceful activism, education, and political action to end slavery and secure equality.
Importance: Their differing strategies highlighted the range of tactics within the abolitionist movement and the challenges of confronting entrenched systems of slavery.
Q: What was the impact of the abolition movement?
A: Figures like Garrison, Douglass, and Walker pushed for the immediate end of slavery, advocating for equal rights and freedom for African Americans. Garrison used his newspaper, Douglass used education, and Walker promoted violent resistance.
Importance: The abolition movement was a major social and political force in the 19th century, fundamentally challenging slavery and advocating for the rights of African Americans.
Q: Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A: A leading figure in the women’s rights movement. She co-organized the Seneca Falls Convention and drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, demanding equality for women, including suffrage.
Importance: Stanton’s leadership in organizing the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was pivotal in launching the formal women’s suffrage movement in the U.S., which eventually led to women gaining the right to vote.
Q: What was the temperance movement?
A: A social movement aimed at reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption, seen as a cause of social problems like domestic abuse and poverty. It led to the eventual passage of Prohibition.
Importance: The temperance movement addressed social issues related to alcohol abuse, which played a role in shaping U.S. policies, including the eventual 18th Amendment (Prohibition).
Q: Who was Sojourner Truth?
A: An African American abolitionist and women’s rights activist. She gave the famous “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech, highlighting the intersection of race and gender in the fight for equality.
Importance: Truth’s work helped shed light on the dual struggles faced by African American women, and her speech is remembered as a powerful call for both racial and gender equality.
Q: What was the cult of domesticity?
A: A set of beliefs that a woman’s place was in the home, focusing on nurturing children and managing the household. It reinforced gender roles and restricted women’s involvement in public life.
Importance: The cult of domesticity shaped 19th-century gender norms, and reformers like Stanton challenged it as they sought to expand women’s rights beyond the domestic sphere.
Q: What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention?
A: Organized in 1848, it aimed to address women’s legal and civil rights, particularly suffrage. The Declaration of Sentiments, which was produced there, called for women’s equality in education, property rights, and voting.
Importance: The Seneca Falls Convention marked the first organized push for women’s rights in the U.S. and laid the groundwork for the women’s suffrage movement.
Q: What role did women play in the reform movements of the 19th century?
A: Reformers like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Sojourner Truth fought for women’s rights, including suffrage. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 became a key event in the fight for women’s equality.
Importance: Women reformers were central to advancing the rights of women in the 19th century, and their work helped lay the foundation for future social and political gains.
Q: What was the effect of immigration from 1845-1854 on the U.S.?
A: A large wave of immigrants, especially from Ireland and Germany, provided cheap labor for industries, contributing to the growth of the labor movement.
Importance: Immigrants provided crucial labor for the U.S. economy but also became a source of tension, which fueled the growth of labor unions fighting for better wages and working conditions.
