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English vocab 1 > Ch. 4-6 notes > Flashcards

Ch. 4-6 notes Flashcards

1
Q

Stamp Act

A

A law taxing printed materials, sparking widespread protest.

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2
Q

Townshend Acts

A

1767 laws imposing duties on imported goods, leading to further colonial resistance.

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3
Q

Boston Massacre

A

A 1770 confrontation where British troops killed five colonists, escalated tensions.

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4
Q

Committees of correspondence

A

Networks for communication among colonies to coordinate resistance against British policies.

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5
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

A series of punitive measures by the british goverment in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party, uniting colonial opposition.

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6
Q

What methods did colonists use to protest actions by Parliament between 1765 and 1775?

A

Colonists used boycotts, petitions, public demonstrations, and the formation of groups like the Sons of Liberty to protest against Parliament.

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7
Q

Describe the causes and the results of the Boston Tea Party?

A

Colonists protested the Tea Act by dumping tea into Boston Harbor in 1773. It escalated tensions and led to the Intolerable Acts.

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8
Q

What were the results of fighting at Lexington and Concord

A

These battles in April 1775 marked the start of armed conflict, showcasing colonial determination and leading to the formation of militias.

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9
Q

Common Sense

A

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for independence from Britain.

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10
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

The 1776 document declaring the colonies’ independence, authored mainly by Thomas Jefferson.

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11
Q

Loyalists

A

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolution.

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12
Q

Patriots

A

Colonists who supported independence and fought against British rule.

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13
Q

What did Jefferson mean, and not mean, by the phrase “all men are created equal”?

A

Jefferson’s phrase indicated a belief in equal rights and liberty, though it did not apply universally, as slavery persisted.

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14
Q

Why did many colonists support independence?

A

Many colonists sought independence due to oppressive British policies, a desire for self-governance, and enlightenment ideals.

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15
Q

Trenton

A

A 1776 battle where Washington’s forces achieved a surprise victory, boosting morale.

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16
Q

Saratoga

A

A decisive 1777 battle that convinced France to support the American cause.

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17
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Trenton?

A

This victory revitalized American morale and encouraged enlistments in the Continental Army.

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18
Q

Why was Saratoga a key turning point of the war?

A

The American victory at Saratoga secured French military support, altering the war’s dynamics.

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19
Q

Explain how civilians supported the war effort in the colonies.

A

Civilians contributed by providing supplies, joining militia units, and participating in local governance.

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20
Q

Fredrich von Steuben

A

A Prussian military officer who trained American troops, improving their discipline and effectiveness.

`

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21
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A

A French aristocrat who provided key support to the American forces.

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22
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

The 1783 agreement recognizing American independence and setting territorial boundaries.

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23
Q

Egalitarianism

A

The belief in equality, which gained traction after the Revolution.

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24
Q

How did France help the colonies during the American Revolution?

A

France provided military aid, naval support, and financial resources crucial to the American victory.

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25
Q

Describe three significant challenges facing the United States when the American Revolution ended?

A

The new United States faced issues such as economic instability, territorial disputes, and the need to establish a functioning government

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26
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

The articles of Confederation made more of us a alliance between all the states and divided up the power between the central government and the states but most of the power went to the states and also there’s no executive branch to enforce the laws that the central government made

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27
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Northwest Ordinances was one of the only major laws that the federal government made during the articles of confederation but it divided up the newly acquired land west of the Appalachian Mountains

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28
Q

Why did the new states prefer a republic rather than a democracy for their government?

A

I thought that they would put too much power into the hands of uneducated people if it were a direct democracy

29
Q

Why did the states fear a strong central government?

A

Because Great Britain abuse their power and abused the central government

30
Q

In what ways was the confederation too weak to handle the nation’s problems?

A

there’s a lot of problems with the articles of confederation so heres a list
Congress could not enact and collect
taxes.
Congress could not regulate interstate
or foreign trade.
Articles could be amended only if all
states approved.
There was no executive branch to
enforce the laws of Congress.
There was no national court system to
settle legal disputes.
There were 13 separate states that
lacked national unity

31
Q

Shay’s rebellion

A

An armed uprising in 1786-1787 led by Daniel Shays, protesting economic injustices and the lack of government response to farmers’ financial struggles.

31
Q

Great Compromise

A

An agreement made during the Constitutional Convention that established a bicameral legislature, combining elements from both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans.

31
Q

Central Government vs.
Strong States

A

The debate over the balance of power between a national government and state governments.

32
Q

Large States vs. Small States

A

Conflicts over representation in Congress, where larger states wanted representation based on population, while smaller states wanted equal representation.

33
Q

North vs. South

A

Disagreements between northern and southern states, particularly regarding slavery and trade policies.

34
Q

What issues and events led to the Constitutional Convention?

A

Economic distress, highlighted by events like Shay’s Rebellion, revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Calls for a stronger central government emerged, leading to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.

35
Q

On what three issues was compromise necessary in drafting the Constitution?

A

Representation (Great Compromise), the role of slavery (Three-Fifths Compromise), and the balance of power between federal and state governments.

36
Q

Why was the slave trade an issue at the Constitutional Convention?

A

Southern states relied on slavery for their economies, while many northern states opposed it. The issue of whether to allow the continuation of the slave trade became a contentious point, impacting both representation and economic interests.

37
Q

Federalist

A

Supporters of the proposed Constitution who advocated for a strong central government.

38
Q

Antifederalist

A

Opponents of the Constitution who feared that a strong national government would threaten individual liberties and state rights.

39
Q

Federalist Papers

A

A series of essays written by Federalists, including Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, to promote ratification of the Constitution.

40
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing individual rights and addressing Anti-Federalist concerns.

41
Q

What were the arguments for and against ratifying the Constitution?

A

Proponents (Federalists) argued that a strong central government was necessary to maintain order and ensure economic stability. Opponents (Antifederalists) contended that it would concentrate power and infringe on individual rights.`

42
Q

What were the Federalist Papers and what effect did they have on ratification?

A

The Federalist Papers were a collection of essays that explained and defended the Constitution. They played a crucial role in persuading skeptics by addressing their concerns and clarifying the intent behind the Constitution.

43
Q

Why did the states ratify the Constitution once a Bill of Rights was promised?

A

The promise to add a Bill of Rights addressed Anti-Federalist fears about potential government overreach and helped unify support, leading to the ratification of the Constitution by several states.

44
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Alexander Hamilton was a strong federalist and he was one of the main people pushing federalism he wanted a strong national government with a national bank you also became George Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury

45
Q

What were the first steps taken by the Washington administration in building a new government?

A

They started by creating a judiciary branch, the Supreme Court, and federal courts, and they wrote all the rules for the courts.

45
Q

Why was the Whiskey Rebellion a significant event in the early days of the new government?

A

The whiskey Rebellion and was a rebellion started because they put a tax on the sale of whiskey. For many farmers that was their only way of making money. So they rebelled against the national government and the government stopped the Rebellion which consolidated more power but showed tensions between the federal government and their everyday citizen

46
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

The Alien and Sedition Act made it harder for immigrants to become citizens it made any speech talking bad about the government or interfering with the government illegal which obviously interferes with the First Amendment

47
Q

What were three major international issues at this time, and how did the United States respond to them?

A

The three main international issues at the time for the United States were the French Revolution the XYZ Affair and British forts still on American land. During the French Revolution, they stayed neutral in the XYZ Affair they crashed with the French but they didn’t officially declare war on each other and with the British Ford still on American land they used diplomacy to simmer out the issue

48
Q

How did the United States manage to stay out of war during this period?

A

The United States mostly used diplomacy and stated that they were neutral in Foreign Affairs

49
Q

How did the expanding nation deal with Native Americans?

A

We wared them and then when we defeated them we bought their land for a lot less than it was worth

50
Q

John Marshall

A

John Marshall was the chief justice of the Supreme Court for 30 years he was appointed by Adams and he was a federalist.

51
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Millbury versus Madison was a Supreme Court decision that basically said that the Supreme Court was able to rule against congress and say if something was unconstitutional or not

52
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Afteer Spain gave Louisiana to france. Jefferson wanted to buy Louisiana from France because he thought they would be forced into an alliance with Great Britain. So Jefferson bought louisiana which was all the Western tributaries of the Mississippi

53
Q

What were some of the accomplishments of Jefferson’s first administration?

A

Some of Jefferson’s accomplishments were the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition

54
Q

How did the Louisiana Purchase change the United States?

A

The Louisiana purchase changed how the United States thought of itself. More the United States thought of itself is more of an Empire. Also it doubled and sized because of the Louisiana Purchase.

55
Q

embargo

A

And embargo is a band of sending products or Goods to another country jefferson did this because he thought it would help Europe understand america’s neutrality

56
Q

Tecumseh

A

tecumseh was a Native American tride leader. he was the leader of the Shawnee and he thought that the only way Native Americans would stop the expansion of the Americans is coming together as a Native American Confederacy but that never happened because other tribes thought it would interfere with their sovereignty and also when his brother (prophet) when an attack the Americans.

57
Q

What events led to the War of 1812?

A

It came found that the Shawnee that attacked the Americans were using British weapons and also americans thought that the British were trying to crippled the American economy

58
Q

What did the Treaty of Ghent accomplish?

A

This treaty stop the war of 1812 but a lot of other disagreements between the two countries had to be settled and different tradies

59
Q

Constitutional Convention Effect

A

Convention establishes a new government

Three branches of government

Two-house legislature

Checks and balance system

The national government is strengthened

Confidence increases in the national government

Two party political system is formed

60
Q

Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Arguments

Strong Central Government Arguments

A

Authority derived from the people.

The central government should be stronger than the states.

61
Q

Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Arguments

Large States

A

Congress should be composed of two houses.

Delegates should be assigned according to population

62
Q

Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Arguments

North

A

Slaves should not be counted when deciding the number of delegates.

Slaves should be counted when levying taxes..

63
Q

Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Arguments

Strong States

A

Authority derived from the states.

The states should remain stronger than the central government.

64
Q

Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Arguments

Small States

A

A congress of one house should be preserved.

Each state should have one vote.

65
Q

Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Arguments

South

A

Slaves should be counted when determining congressional representation.

Slaves should NOT be counted when levying taxes.

66
Q

Constitutional Convention Cause

A

Articles of Confederation prove ineffective

Strain of economic problems disrupts the nation

English vocab 1 (7 decks)

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