19-21 test Flashcards
What is Isolationism?
A policy of avoiding political or economic alliances and involvement with other countries.
After World War I, many Americans supported isolationism to avoid future wars and foreign entanglements.
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants and anarchists accused of robbery and murder in 1920.
Their trial became a symbol of anti-immigrant sentiment and concerns over unfair legal proceedings during the Red Scare. The case exposed flaws in the American legal system, including biased judges, unreliable witness testimony, and a refusal to reconsider new evidence.
What is the Quota System?
A system established by the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 that set limits on the number of immigrants allowed from each country.
It was designed to restrict immigration, particularly from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Who is John L. Lewis?
Leader of the United Mine Workers of America who organized a successful coal miners’ strike in 1919.
His leadership resulted in a wage increase for miners, demonstrating the power of organized labor.
What is a Bootlegger?
A person who illegally transported, manufactured, or sold alcohol during Prohibition.
Bootleggers played a major role in sustaining the illegal liquor trade, leading to the rise of organized crime.
What is Fundamentalism?
A religious movement that emphasized a literal interpretation of the Bible and opposed modern scientific theories.
It influenced events like the Scopes Trial, highlighting the cultural divide between science and religion.
What is a Flapper?
A young woman in the 1920s who embraced new fashion, independence, and a break from traditional roles.
Flappers symbolized the changing social norms of women, reflecting greater freedom in behavior and attitudes.
What is the Double Standard?
A set of social expectations that granted men more freedom than women, particularly regarding dating and sexuality. Women to observe
stricter standards of behavior than men did
This inequality reinforced traditional gender roles, but women in the 1920s began to challenge these norms.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, New York, celebrating African-American heritage.
It fostered pride in Black identity and contributed to the broader recognition of African-American culture.
Who is Langston Hughes?
A leading poet and writer of the Harlem Renaissance known for his works about Black life in America.
His poetry gave a voice to the struggles and aspirations of African Americans.
Who is Zora Neale Hurston?
An African-American writer and anthropologist known for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.
She documented Black folklore and explored themes of racial identity and female empowerment.
Who is Paul Robeson?
A singer, actor, and activist who gained international fame for his performances and advocacy for civil rights.
He used his platform to fight against racial discrimination and promote African-American culture.
What is Trench Warfare?
A type of warfare in which opposing armies fought from deep trenches, often leading to stalemates.
This method caused massive casualties and made World War I one of the deadliest conflicts in history.
What is the Lusitania?
A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing over 1,000 people, including 128 Americans.
The sinking increased anti-German sentiment in the U.S. and contributed to America’s eventual entry into World War I.
What is the Selective Service Act?
A law passed in 1917 that required men to register for the draft.
It allowed the U.S. to quickly build a large military force for World War I.
Who is George Creel?
Head of the Committee on Public Information, responsible for promoting pro-war propaganda.
His efforts helped shape public opinion in favor of the war.
What is the Great Migration?
The mass movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs and better opportunities.
It transformed the racial demographics of American cities and contributed to the rise of Black political movements.
What are the Fourteen Points?
President Woodrow Wilson’s proposal for a postwar peace plan, advocating for self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.
Most of its points were rejected, except for the League of Nations, which the U.S. never joined.
What is the League of Nations?
An international organization formed after World War I to promote peace and prevent future conflicts.
It was weakened by the U.S.’s refusal to join and its lack of enforcement power.
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
The 1919 peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing harsh penalties on Germany.
The treaty’s severe terms contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler and World War II.
What was the Red Scare?
The Red Scare was a period of fear of communism, anarchists, and radicals after World War I, leading to government crackdowns on suspected subversives.
What was the Sacco and Vanzetti case?
The Sacco and Vanzetti case involved two Italian immigrants convicted with little evidence, reflecting fears of immigrants and radical political movements.
What was the Ku Klux Klan during the postwar period?
The Ku Klux Klan grew in power, promoting anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, and racist policies, reflecting concerns over cultural and social changes.
What was the purpose of the Immigration Quota System?
The quota system was created to limit immigration, especially from Southern and Eastern Europe, to protect American jobs and culture.
What did the 1924 revision of the Immigration Quota System do?
The 1924 revision further restricted immigration, particularly targeting non-Western European countries, reflecting widespread nativist sentiment.
What was the Volstead Act?
The Volstead Act (1919) enforced Prohibition by banning the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the U.S.
Why was heavy funding needed to enforce the Volstead Act?
Enforcing Prohibition required significant government resources, as bootlegging and speakeasies flourished, leading to increased corruption and crime.
What was the Scopes Trial?
The 1925 Scopes Trial involved John T. Scopes, a teacher charged for teaching evolution, which was illegal in Tennessee.
What was the significance of the Scopes Trial?
The trial highlighted the cultural clash between modern science and religious fundamentalism, sparking national debate over education and free thought.
What defined a typical flapper in the 1920s?
A flapper was a young woman who challenged traditional norms through fashion and behavior, wearing short dresses and bobbed hair.
What did flappers symbolize?
Flappers symbolized women’s increased independence and changing gender roles, breaking away from Victorian-era expectations.
What social changes affected women in the 1920s?
The 1920s brought job opportunities, labor-saving home technologies, and increased personal freedoms, altering women’s roles in marriage and family life.
What was the Great Migration?
The Great Migration saw African Americans move from the South to Northern cities for better opportunities.
What were the roles of the NAACP and UNIA during the Great Migration?
The NAACP fought for civil rights, while the UNIA promoted Black pride and self-sufficiency.
What themes were explored in Harlem Renaissance literature?
African-American writers explored themes such as racial identity, oppression, heritage, and hope for the future.
What were the causes of World War I?
The war was caused by militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism, with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand as the immediate trigger.
What events led the U.S. into World War I?
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram, and economic ties to the Allies pushed the U.S. into the war.
What was the Selective Service Act?
The Selective Service Act drafted millions of men and expanded military training and production for World War I.
What new weapons were introduced in World War I?
Machine guns, poison gas, tanks, and airplanes made warfare deadlier than ever before.
What methods were used to sell the war to Americans?
The U.S. government used propaganda, war bonds, and patriotic campaigns to gain public support.
What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
These acts criminalized anti-war speech and actions, targeting political dissenters.
What were the effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty imposed harsh penalties on Germany, creating resentment that contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler and World War II.
What were the international consequences of World War I?
The war redrew national borders, created new nations, and established the League of Nations to maintain peace.
speakeasies
Difference:
Speakeasies were illegal bars or nightclubs that operated during the Prohibition era (1920–1933) in the U.S., selling alcohol secretly. They were different from legal bars because they were hidden and required passwords or secret entry methods.
Importance:
Encouraged the rise of organized crime, which controlled alcohol distribution.
Played a key role in cultural shifts, promoting jazz music and social mixing.
Influenced modern bar culture and cocktail trends.
