Ch 7 Flashcards
Flexibility
To move a joint through a complete range of motion (ROM).
3 planes of motion:
Sagittal, frontal, transverse plane.
Sagittal plane
Allow for proper flexion
Frontal plane
Allow for proper abduction
Transverse plane
Proper internal rotation
Postural distortions
A misalignment of one or more segments of the human movement system
Relative flexibility
Process in which the HMS seeks the path of least resistance during functional movements
HMS is composed of the
Skeletal, muscular and nervous system
Poor flexibility leads to
Relative flexibility (leads to muscle imbalances)
Muscle imbalance
Results in:
- reciprocal inhibition
- synergistic dominance
- arthrokinetic dysfunction
- decreased neuromuscular control
Altered reciprocal inhibition
Caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist
Synergistic dominance
When the synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
Altered forces at the joint, resulting in abnormal joint movement and proprioception
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the nervous system to properly coordinate muscular action
Mechanoreceptors-Muscle spindles
Sensory organs. Sensitive to change in length and rate of length change. Spindles are stretched when muscle lengthens.
Steps of muscle contraction
- Stimulus (stretching of muscle)
- Sensory neuron
- Information processing at motor neuron
- Activation of motor neuron
- Response (Contraction of muscle)
Golgi tendon organ
Located within the musculotendinous joint.
Where muscle and the tendon meet.
Sensitive to tension
Pattern overload
Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion Ex: -training the same way -repetitive movement at work -sedentary lifestyle
Cumulative injury cycle
Tissue trauma Inflammation Muscle spasm Adhesions Altered neuromuscular control Muscle imbalance
Flexibility continuum
Pattern of progression:
Corrective flexibility
Active flexibility
Functional flexibility
Corrective flexibility
Designed to improve muscle imbalances and altered arthrokinematics
Active flexibility
Designed to improve extensibility of soft tissue and increase neuromuscular efficiency.
-uses reciprocal inhibition
Functional flexibility
Full range of motion
Static stretching
Taking a muscle to point of tension and holding for 20-30seconds
Stimulated golgi tendon organ
Active isolated stretching
Uses agonist and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion
Dynamic stretching
Uses the force production of a muscle and the body’s momentum to take a joint through the full available range of motion
