Ch 7

Question 1

Flexibility

Answer 1

To move a joint through a complete range of motion (ROM).

Question 2

3 planes of motion:

Answer 2

Sagittal, frontal, transverse plane.

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

Allow for proper flexion

Question 4

Frontal plane

Answer 4

Allow for proper abduction

Question 5

Transverse plane

Answer 5

Proper internal rotation

Question 6

Postural distortions

Answer 6

A misalignment of one or more segments of the human movement system

Question 7

Relative flexibility

Answer 7

Process in which the HMS seeks the path of least resistance during functional movements

Question 8

HMS is composed of the

Answer 8

Skeletal, muscular and nervous system

Question 9

Poor flexibility leads to

Answer 9

Relative flexibility (leads to muscle imbalances)

Question 10

Muscle imbalance

Answer 10

Results in:

• reciprocal inhibition
• synergistic dominance
• arthrokinetic dysfunction
• decreased neuromuscular control

Question 11

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer 11

Caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist

Question 12

Synergistic dominance

Answer 12

When the synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover

Question 13

Arthrokinetic dysfunction

Answer 13

Altered forces at the joint, resulting in abnormal joint movement and proprioception

Question 14

Neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 14

The ability of the nervous system to properly coordinate muscular action

Question 15

Mechanoreceptors-Muscle spindles

Answer 15

Sensory organs. Sensitive to change in length and rate of length change. Spindles are stretched when muscle lengthens.

Question 16

Steps of muscle contraction

Answer 16

• Stimulus (stretching of muscle)
• Sensory neuron
• Information processing at motor neuron
• Activation of motor neuron
• Response (Contraction of muscle)

Question 17

Golgi tendon organ

Answer 17

Located within the musculotendinous joint.

Where muscle and the tendon meet.

Sensitive to tension

Question 18

Pattern overload

Answer 18

Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion 
Ex: 
-training the same way
-repetitive movement at work
-sedentary lifestyle

Question 19

Cumulative injury cycle

Answer 19

Tissue trauma
Inflammation 
Muscle spasm
Adhesions
Altered neuromuscular control
Muscle imbalance

Question 20

Flexibility continuum

Answer 20

Pattern of progression:

Corrective flexibility
Active flexibility
Functional flexibility

Question 21

Corrective flexibility

Answer 21

Designed to improve muscle imbalances and altered arthrokinematics

Question 22

Active flexibility

Answer 22

Designed to improve extensibility of soft tissue and increase neuromuscular efficiency.
-uses reciprocal inhibition

Question 23

Functional flexibility

Answer 23

Full range of motion

Question 24

Static stretching

Answer 24

Taking a muscle to point of tension and holding for 20-30seconds

Stimulated golgi tendon organ

Question 25

Active isolated stretching

Answer 25

Uses agonist and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion

Question 26

Dynamic stretching

Answer 26

Uses the force production of a muscle and the body’s momentum to take a joint through the full available range of motion