Ch 7

Question 1

When a word is pronounced carefully as a single item, is said to be spoken in its….

Answer 1

citation form

Question 2

_____ ____ results from joining two or more words together in the creation of an utterance.

Answer 2

Connected speech

Question 3

In connected speech, several processes occur on a regular basis that often change the shape of words when compared to their pronunciation when spoken in citation form. These processes include ____, ____, ___, ____, and ____.

Answer 3

assimilation, elision, epenthesis, metathesis, and vowel reduction.

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

ARTICULATORY CHANGES THAT RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT PHONEME. the process, whereby phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds (what happens to the sound) a phoneme may be replaced by a completely different phoneme.

Question 5

Coarticulation

Answer 5

the necessity to overlap production of the various phonemes to maintain the rapidity of connected speech; time-efficient process (motor movement involved in making the sounds).

Question 6

Regressive Assimilation

Answer 6

one form of assimilation that occurs when the IDENTITY OF A PHONEME IS MODIFIED DUE TO A PHONEME FOLLOWING IT.

(Right-to-Left or ANTICIPATORY ASSIMILATION)

Question 7

Progressive Assimilation

Answer 7

occurs when a phoneme’s identity changes as the result of a phoneme PRECEDING IT IN TIME.

(LEFT-to-RIGHT or PERSEVERATIVE ASSIMILATION)

Question 8

Elision

Answer 8

ELIMINATE; phonemes are eliminated during the production due to particular phonetic contexts.
ex. “asthma” the “th” is eliminated.

Question 9

Epenthesis

Answer 9

ADDITION; connected phonemes are sometimes inserted (added) in words during their production.
ex. “break” to bereak, e added

Question 10

Metathesis

Answer 10

TRANSPOSING; the transposition of sounds in a word (slip of the tongue).
ex. “elephant” to efelant or “ask” to aks

Question 11

Vowel Reduction

Answer 11

the full form of the vowel BECOMES MORE LIKE the MID-CENTRAL VOWEL (schwa) when spoken in connected speech; due to changes in primary stress.
ex.”decide” (/disaid/) to /d(schwa)aid/

Question 12

Unstressed vs Secondary Stress

Answer 12

unstressed when it contains the schwa, m, n, or l AND SOMETIMES reduced form of i capital and squiggly u.

Question 13

What is a CONTENT WORD?

Answer 13

words that CONTAIN INFORMATION in a sentence (usually NOUNS, VERBS, ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS)

Question 14

What is a FUNCTION WORD?

Answer 14

contains LESS IMPORTANTS INFORMATION (usually pronouns, articles, prepositions & conjunctions) “a” “as” “is”