Ch 7 Flashcards
Caring
universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which peo- ple think, feel, and behave in relation to one another.
Watson’s Transpersonal Caring
caring is a central focus of nursing, and it is integral to maintain the ethical and philosophical roots of the profession
Swanson’s Theory of Caring
This theory of car- ing was developed from three perinatal studies involving interviews with women who miscarried, parents and health care professionals in a newborn intensive care unit, and mothers who were socially at risk and received long-term public health intervention
includes five caring processes
ethic of care
concerned with relationships between people and with a nurse’s character and attitude toward others
Summary
• Caring involves a mutual give-and-take and is specific and relational for each nurse-patient encounter.
• Nurses use a variety of caring theories to provide care in a respectful and therapeutic way for patients and family caregivers.
• Current evidence emphasizes what patients perceive from their caregivers and thus provides useful guidelines for practice.
• An ethic of care places the nurse as the patient’s advocate, influences the nurse’s clinical judgment, and helps guide clinical decision- making regarding ethical dilemmas by attending to relationships and giving priority to each patient’s unique personhood.
• Caring is integral to a nurse’s ability to establish therapeutic relation- ships with patients in a respectful and therapeutic manner.
• Presence is a person-to-person interaction, conveying closeness and a sense of caring that involves “being there” and “being with” patients or family caregivers.
• Touch expresses caring through task-oriented, caring, and protective touch.
• Listening is a therapeutic skill that includes interpreting, under- standing, and respecting what a patient or family caregiver is saying and expressing that understanding and respect.
• Knowing a patient is at the core of the process the nurse uses to make clinical decisions about patient-centered care.
• Maintaining compassion in all aspects of nursing care contributes to the health and well-being of patients and improves patient and nurse satisfaction.
• Caring involves a mutual give-and-take and is specific and relational for each nurse-patient encounter.
• Nurses use a variety of caring theories to provide care in a respectful and therapeutic way for patients and family caregivers.
• Current evidence emphasizes what patients perceive from their caregivers and thus provides useful guidelines for practice.
• An ethic of care places the nurse as the patient’s advocate, influences the nurse’s clinical judgment, and helps guide clinical decision- making regarding ethical dilemmas by attending to relationships and giving priority to each patient’s unique personhood.
• Caring is integral to a nurse’s ability to establish therapeutic relation- ships with patients in a respectful and therapeutic manner.
• Presence is a person-to-person interaction, conveying closeness and a sense of caring that involves “being there” and “being with” patients or family caregivers.
• Touch expresses caring through task-oriented, caring, and protective touch.
• Listening is a therapeutic skill that includes interpreting, under- standing, and respecting what a patient or family caregiver is saying and expressing that understanding and respect.
• Knowing a patient is at the core of the process the nurse uses to make clinical decisions about patient-centered care.
• Maintaining compassion in all aspects of nursing care contributes to the health and well-being of patients and improves patient and nurse satisfaction.
A nurse encounters the patient’s wife, who is tearful and worried. Her husband was just transferred from his room to the operating room for a complex cardiovascular surgery. The nurse brings the wife a glass of water and encourages her to talk about her fears. The nurse remains in the room quietly listening. What caring behaviors is the nurse demonstrating? (Select all that apply.)
- Touching
- Listening
- Knowing
- Presence
- Spiritual care
2.,4.,
A nurse needs to use clinical judgment before planning and implementing any touch interventions. What does the nurse need to understand about the use of touch? (Select all that apply.)
1. Some cultures may have specific restrictions about non–skill-
based touch.
2. Touch is a form of nonverbal communication.
3. Touch reduces only physical pain.
4. Touch can successfully influence a patient’s level of comfort.
5. There is never a problem with using touch at any time.
1.,2.,4.,
A young woman comes to a clinic for the first time for a gynecological examination. She asks about the procedure, who will be in the room with her, and does she have to remove all her clothes. Which nursing behavior applies Swanson’s caring process of “knowing” the patient?
1. Sharing feelings about the importance of having regular gyneco- logical examinations
2. Explaining risk factors for cervical cancer
3. Recognizing that the patient is modest and maintaining her
privacy during the examination
4. Asking the patient what it means to have a vaginal examination
3.,
A patient is fearful of upcoming surgery and a possible cancer diagnosis. He discusses his love for the Bible with his nurse, who recom- mends a favorite Bible verse. Another nurse tells the patient’s nurse that there is no place in nursing for spiritual caring. What is the best response by the patient’s nurse?
1. “You’re correct; spiritual care should be left to a pastoral care professional.”
2. “You’re correct; religion is a personal decision.”
3. “Nurses should explain their own religious beliefs to patients.”
4. “Spiritual, mind, and body connections can affect health.”
4
Which of the following are strategies for creating work environments that support nurse caring interventions? (Select all that apply.)
1. Increasing technological support
2. Improving flexibility for scheduling
3. Providing opportunities to discuss care practices
4. Promoting autonomy of practice
5. Encouraging increased input concerning nursing functions
from health care providers
2.,3.,4.,
A nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with testicular cancer.
He asked the nurse to help him find the meaning of cancer by sup- porting beliefs about life. This is an example of:
1. Instilling hope and faith.
2. Forming a human-altruistic value system.
3. Cultural caring.
4. Being with.
1
An example of a nurse caring behavior that families of patients who
are acutely ill perceive as important to patients’ well-being is:
1. Making health care decisions for patients.
2. Having family members provide a patient’s total personal hygiene.
3. Injecting the nurse’s perceptions about the level of care provided.
4. Asking permission before performing a procedure on a patient.
4
A nurse is caring for a patient who has just transferred from an intensive care unit and still has a long hospitalization ahead. Because of the complexity of care and the number of caregivers for this patient, the family members feel disconnected from their loved one and not part of the care team. Which interventions would demonstrate care by helping family members?(Select all that apply.)
1. Helping family become active participants in care
2. Removing family members from assisting with the patient’s personal care
3. Allowing the family to offer opinions on health care decisions for the patient
4. Providing the family opportunities to discuss their concerns with the health care team
5. Planning uninterrupted time for the family and patient to be together
1.,4.,5.,
A hospice nurse sits at the bedside of a male patient in the final stages of cancer. He and his parents made the decision that he would move home and they would help him in the final stages of his disease. The family participates in his care, but lately the nurse has increased the amount of time spent with the family. Whenever the nurse enters the room or approaches the patient to give care, the nurse touches his shoulder and states, “I am your nurse, and I am here for you.” This is an example of what type of touch.
1. Caring touch
2. Protective touch
3. Task-oriented touch
4. Interpersonal touch
1.,
