Ch 3 Flashcards
What does community-based care focus on?
Community-based care focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, and restorative care.
What is community-based healthcare?
-a collaborative, patient-centered approach to provide culturally appropriate health care within a community.
-occurs outside traditional health care institutions such as hospitals.
-provides services to individuals and families in nontraditional settings such as ambulatory care clinics, community hospice centers, senior centers, parishes, and schools.
What are social determinants of health?
-Social determinants of health are biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, or social factors that contribute to a person’s current state of health.
-economic stability; education access and quality; health care access and quality; neighborhood and built environment; and social and community context.
What are health disparities?
-preventable differences in a population’s ability to achieve optimal health.
-negatively affect groups of people who have systematically experienced social or economic obstacles to health.
-obstacles stem from characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion, such as race or ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, mental health, sexual orientation, or geographic location.
-Other characteristics include cognitive, sensory, or physical disability.
What is community health nursing (also referred to as public health nursing)?
-Community health nursing is nursing practice in the community, with the primary focus on the health care of individuals, families, and groups within their communities.
-The goal is to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health.
What is public health nursing?
-Public health nursing is a nursing specialty that requires understanding the needs of a population.
-A public health nurse understands factors that influence health promotion and health maintenance, the trends and patterns influencing the incidence of disease within populations, environmental factors contributing to health and illness, and the political processes that affect public policy.
What does the term population refer to?
-a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common.
-Examples of populations include high-risk infants, older adults, or an ethnic group such as Native Americans.
What is the focus of community-oriented nursing?
The focus of community-oriented nursing is on health promotion, disease prevention, and improving quality of life of the population.
What is community-based nursing?
-takes place in community settings such as a home or clinic, where nurses focus on the needs of an indi- vidual or family.
-It involves the safety needs and acute and chronic care of individuals and families, enhances their capacity for self-care, and promotes autonomy in decision making.
What are community-based nursing centers?
-function as the first level of contact between members of a community and the health care delivery system.
-Ideally health care services are provided near where patients live, work, and socialize.
-These centers offer direct access to nurses and comprehensive patient-centered health services and readily incorporate the patient and the patient’s family or friends into a plan of care.
What are vulnerable populations?
-groups of patients who are more likely to develop health problems because of excess health risks, who are limited in their access to health care services, or who depend on others for care.
Guidelines for Assessing Members of Vulnerable Population Groups
Box 3.1
Global Health and WHO
-The global health issues identified by WHO for the next decade impact your community.
-Examples of priorities in global health issues for WHO include: equitable access to safe and effective vaccines, air pollution and climate change, infectious diseases, health care equality, affordable and available medications for all, shortages of health care workers, the use of new technologies to dissemi- nate accurate information, and clean water and sanitation
Guidelines for Assessing Members of Vulnerable Population Groups:
Box 3.1
What is a change-agent?
-A community-based nurse is also a change agent.
-involves identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems.
-You act as a change agent within a family system or as a mediator for problems within a patient’s community.
- You identify any number of problems (e.g., quality of community childcare services, availability of older-adult day care services, or the status of neighborhood violence).
-As a change agent you empower individuals and their families to creatively solve problems or become instrumental in creating change within a health care agency.
Major Health Problems in Older Adults and Community-Based Nursing Roles and Interventions
Table 3.1
Community Assessment
Box 3.2
QSEN Building Competency in Safety Maria Perez is a 74-year- old widow with heart failure (HF) who has been referred to the Home Care Agency for services. Maria has been admitted to the hospital three times in the past two months. Two admissions were for HF exacerbation and the other was for a fractured wrist after falling in the bathroom. Maria lives alone in a senior housing apartment building that has an elevator. The hospitalist requests a home safety evaluation, along with assessment of medication management. What information does the nurse need to begin this assessment?
What population in the community do you see most frequently in your clinical setting? What are some nursing assessments, skills, or tasks you can perform with this population?
Evidence-Based Practice
Box 3.3
- The public health nurse is working with the local city/county health department during a pandemic that has created a crisis within the community. What are responsibilities of the public health nurse during the pandemic? (Select all that apply.)
- Educate the public on disease prevention
- Serve as liaison between patients and health care services and providers
- Investigate cases as they arise
- Monitor trends of the disease outbreak
- Assist with testing for identification of the disease
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- A community health nurse is working in a clinic with a focus on asthma and allergies. What is the primary focus of the community health nurse in this clinic setting? (Select all that apply.)
- Decrease the incidence of asthma attacks in the community
- Increase patients’ ability to self-manage their asthma
- Treat acute asthma in the hospital
- Provide asthma education programs for the teachers in the local
schools - Provide scheduled immunizations to people who come to the clinic
1, 2, 4
- The nurse caring for a refugee community identifies that the children
are undervaccinated and the community is unaware of resources. The nurse assesses the community and determines that there is a health clinic within a 5-mile radius. The nurse meets with the community leaders and explains the need for immunizations, the location of the clinic, and the process of accessing health care resources. Which of the following practices is the nurse providing? (Select all that apply.) - Raising awareness about community resources for the children
- Teaching the community about health promotion and illness prevention
- Promoting autonomy in decision making about health practices
- Improving the health care of the community’s children
- Participating in professional development activities to maintain
nursing competency
1, 2, 4
- What factor results in vulnerable populations being more likely to develop health problems?
- The ability to use available resources to find housing
- Adequate transportation to the grocery store and community clinics
- Availability of others to help provide care
- Limited access to health care services
4