Ch 6A: Connective Tissue

Question 1

Characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 1

cells farther apart, and held together by matrix

all C.T. is vascular, except Cartilage (avascular); nutrients and wastes can diffuse through the semi-solid matrix of Cartilage, but blood vessels cannot pass through

matrix made by fibroblasts; contains the protein Collagen which gives support, and is found in all C.T.; other proteins in matrix include Reticulin which forms a network and gives some support, and is found in glands and lymphoid tissues; and Elastin which gives some flexibility and stretch ability, and is found in the lungs and urinary bladder.

other cells in C.T. include macrophages (phagocytic); and mast cells (secrete histamine for the allergic response)

Question 2

What are the four types of CT Proper?

Answer 2

1. dense regular CT (white fibrous)
2. dense irregular CT
3. Loose CT (Areolar CT)
4. Adipose Tissue (fatty tissue)

Question 3

what is the structure of dense regular CT (White fibrous)

Answer 3

parallel arrangement of thick collagen fibers

Question 4

where is dense regular CT located?

Answer 4

Tendons (muscle to bone) and Ligaments (bone to bone)

Question 5

what is the function of dense regular CT

Answer 5

strong connection

Question 6

what is the structure of dense irregular CT

Answer 6

random arrangement of thick collagen fibers;

Question 7

what is the function of dense irregular CT

Answer 7

support and protection

Question 8

where is the dense irregular CT located

Answer 8

dermis of the skin and capsules around kidneys

Question 9

what is the structure of loose CT (areolar CT)

Answer 9

random arrangement of thin collagen fibers;

Question 10

what is the function of loose CT

Answer 10

allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves;

Question 11

where is loose CT located

Answer 11

dermis of skin; and muscle

Question 12

what is the structure of adipose tissue (fatty tissue)

Answer 12

adipocytes embedded in loose C.T.

Question 13

what is the function of adipose tissue

Answer 13

cushion / protection; temperature regulation

Question 14

where is adipose tissue located

Answer 14

hypodermic of skin (subcutaneous layer), around heart, kidneys, and abdominal organs.

Question 15

what are the two types of adipose tissue

Answer 15

1. white/yellow which can act as the thermo-regulator and cushion or protect
2. brown which is present in newborns, and is replaced by the white/yellow. The brown adipose tissue is mainly involved in thermoregulation.

Question 16

what are the six types of special CT

Answer 16

1. cartilage
2. hyaline cartilage
3. elastic cartilage
4. fibrocartilage
5. bone
6. blood

Question 17

what is the structure of cartilage

Answer 17

avascular; chondrocytes located in lacunae in a semi-solid matrix

Question 18

what is the function of cartilage

Answer 18

support and flexibility

Question 19

where is the cartilage located

Answer 19

joints, nose and ears

Question 20

what is the structure of hyaline cartilage

Answer 20

chondrocytes in moderate collagen-rich matrix

Question 21

what is the function of hyaline cartilage

Answer 21

support and some protection

Question 22

where is hyaline cartilage located

Answer 22

forms semi-circular rings around trachea; keeps airway from closing; also connects ribs to sternum

Question 23

what is the structure of elastic cartilage

Answer 23

chondrocytes in elastin-rich matrix

Question 24

what is the function of elastic cartilage

Answer 24

support and flexibility

Question 25

where is elastic cartilage located

Answer 25

ears and nostrils

Question 26

what is the structure of fibrocartilage

Answer 26

chondrocytes in abundant collagen-rich matrix;

Question 27

what is the function of fibrocartilage

Answer 27

support and much protection

Question 28

where is the fibrocartilage located

Answer 28

intervertebral discs of vertebral column

Question 29

what is the structure of bone

Answer 29

vascular; osteocytes located in lacunae in a solid matrix

Question 30

what is the function of bone

Answer 30

support and

protection

Question 31

where is bone located

Answer 31

attachment site for tendons and ligaments; and blood cell production

Question 32

compact bone

Answer 32

gives strength and support

Question 33

spongy bone

Answer 33

offers some flexibility

Question 34

what is the structure of blood?

Answer 34

cells include Erythrocytes (RBC’s); Leukocytes (WBC’s); and Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 35

what are the three types of membranes

Answer 35

1. mucous membrane
2. serous membrane
3. mesenteries

Question 36

what is the structure of the mucous membrane

Answer 36

composed of Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with Goblet Cells

Question 37

what is the function of the mucous membrane

Answer 37

lines passageways that open to the outside of the body

Question 38

what is the location of the mucous membrane

Answer 38

lines the nasal and oral cavities; and lines the tubes of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Question 39

what is the structure of the serous membrane

Answer 39

double membranes of loose C.T. covered by a layer of simple squamous epithelium or mesothelium.

Visceral refers to the inner layer of the membrane, closest to the organ

parietal refers to the outer layer of the membrane, farthest from the organ).

Question 40

peritoneum

Answer 40

which lines abdominal and pelvic walls and covers organs

Question 41

pericardium

Answer 41

which lines the pericardial cavity (heart)

Question 42

pleura

Answer 42

lines the pleural cavities (lungs) and the wall of the thorax

Question 43

what is the function of mesenteries

Answer 43

suspend organs in the abdomino-pelvic cavity; also serves as point of attachment for organs; and allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through

Question 44

what are the locations of mesenteries

Answer 44

Omentum (attaches to stomach); and Broad Ligament (attaches to uterus).