Ch. 64 Flashcards

1
Q

3 sets of excretory organs that develop in the embryo:

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros Metanephros

Only 3rd set remains as permanent kidney

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2
Q

First pair of kidneys

A

o Pronephros
o Rudimentary
o Nonfunctional

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3
Q

Second pair of kidneys

A

o Mesonephros
o Function for short time during early fetal period
o Degenerate after replaced by metanephros [permanent kidneys]

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4
Q

Urine formation begins

A

11-12th week

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5
Q

Urine is excreted into

A

Amniotic fluid

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6
Q

Kidneys do not need to _ in uterus in the means of waste filtration

A

Function

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7
Q

_ eliminates waste from the fetal blood

A

Placenta

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8
Q

Kidneys must be able to _ after birth

A

Assume their waste excretion role

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9
Q

Arterial vascular supply to the kidneys comes from

A

arteries that arise from the aorta
o These vessels usually disappear when kidneys ascend
Some may persist
Accounts for variations found in renal arteries, 25% of adult kidneys have 2-4 renal arteries

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10
Q

Kidneys initially lie

A

Very close together in the pelvis

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11
Q

Kidneys gradually migrate into the

A

Abdomen and separate from one another

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12
Q

Normal kidney migration is completed by

A

The 9th week

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13
Q

Early development of external genitalia is

A

similar for both sexes

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14
Q

External genitalia are fully differentiated by

A

12th weeks

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15
Q

In week 4, the genital tubercle develops at the

A

cranial end of the cloacal membrane

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16
Q

_ folds develop on either side of the cloacal membrane_

A

Labioscrotal swellings & urogenital

17
Q

Genital tubercle elongates to form a

A

phallus which is similar in both sexes

18
Q

Hormonal changes cause further development of

A

male & female reproductive system

19
Q

By 12 weeks _% of fetal kidneys may be imaged

A

86

20
Q

Kidneys may be seen by _wks with TVS

A

9

21
Q

Fetal kidneys and bladder are seen by

A

13 weeks

22
Q

Kidneys appears as

A

B/L hyperechoic structures on each side of the vertebrae

23
Q

Kidney, about 15 weeks overall echogenicity

Renal pelvis may be seen as

A

Decreases

As sonolucent areas within the central kidney

24
Q

Kidneys between 18-20 wks are slightly

A

Hyperechoic compared to surrounding tissue

25
Q

Kidney, by 25 weeks, able to _
Outline _
See _ area in rental sinus region

A

Distinguish the renal cortex from the medulla

The renal capsule

Central echogenic

26
Q

Do not include _ with kidney measuremnt

A

Adrenals

27
Q

A normal amount of _ is noted within the renal pelvis

A

Fluid