Ch 62 The Fetal Abdomen Flashcards
Remnant of the proximal part of the yolk sac that fails to degenerate and disappear in early fetal life
Meckel’s diverticulum
The stomach should be seen by > ___-____ weeks
> 14-16 weeks
Echogenic debris in the stomach may represent what? (3)
- Vernix
- Protein
- Intra-amniotic hemorrhage
Left portion of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, superior portion of the anal canal, epithelium of bladder, and most of the urethra
Hindgut
The hindgut is supplied by the _______
Inferior mesenteric artery
What is the least common problem for no visualization of the stomach?
Esophageal anomalies
An abdominal circumference is taken at the level of the ______ and umbilical portion of the _______
Portal sinus / umbilical portion of the left portal vein
{the hockey stick}
Meconium begins to accumulate by ___-___ weeks
> 15-16 weeks
After ____ weeks the distinction between small from large bowel can be made
20 weeks
After _____ weeks peristalsis may be observed
27 weeks
The diameter of small bowel lumen is less than or equal to ____ mm
5mm {this is normal}
By 11 weeks the fetal liver is ___% of the total weight of the fetus
10%
At term the liver is ___% of the total weight of the fetus
5%
Most common malformation of the midgut
Meckel’s diverticulum
Rare, but the most common, symptomatic, vascular hepatic tumors of infancy and may cause nonimmune hydrops
Hemangioendothelioma
The liver enlarges with ______ disease
Rh immune disease
Mortality rate for partial situs Inversus is extremely high
With Aslpenia there is a __-__% chance
With polysplenia there is a __-__%chance
Aslpenia - 90-95%
Polysplenia - 80%
Echogenic debris in the stomach may represent what?
Vernix
Protein
Intra-amniotic hemorrhage
Small bowel is slightly ______ compared to the liver
hyperechoic
_____ folds within the colon can help differentiate from small bowel
Haustral
When are hepatic veins and fissures formed?
By the end of the 1st trimester
Which lobe of the liver is largest in utero?
LEFT
The gallbladder is seen sonographically after ____ weeks
20
The pancreas is ____peritoneal and _____ to the SMA, Aorta, and IVC
retro peritoneal and anterior
Fluid filled structure to the RIGHT of the portal-umbilical vein
The gallbladder
If multiple calcifications are seen in the liver, ____ and ____ may be affected as well
Brain and Spleen
Liver tumors are RARE {T/F}
TRUE
Which situs inversus is more commonly associated with cardiac anomalies?
Asplenia situs inversus
Sonolucent band identified near fetal anterior abdominal wall
Pseudoascites
Will you see the falciform ligament with pseudoascites?
NO
Calcifications within the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis {gallstones}
Dilatation of the common bile duct
Choledochal cyst
Causes for non visualization of the stomach {6}
1.Esophogeal atresia / tracheoesophageal fistula
{least common}
2.Diaphragmatic hernia
3.Facial cleft
4.Central nervous system
5.Other swallowing disorders
6.Olihydramnios for other causesRecognizing GI malformation in utero may prevent complications such as _____ , _____ , and ______.
dehydration, bowel necrosis, and respiratory difficulties
a bowel obstruction results in _____ bowel dilation
proximal
this develops when a portion of bowel grows and infarcts
Atresia
Unusually echogenic bowel can typically be seen during the 2nd trimester; this may be due to …
decreased water content, alterations of meconium, or both
congenital disorder in which there is an abnormal inner action of large intestine {MEGACOLON}
Hirschsprung’s disease
The most common form of esophageal atresia is when it occurs with or without a fistula?
In conjunction WITH a fistula
Theres a 30% incidence of duodenal atresia in ________
Downs syndrome {trisomy 21}
Atresia or stenosis of the jejunum, ileum, or both and small bowel atresia are slightly more common than duodenal atresia {T/F}
TRUE
Small bowel disorder marked by the presence of abnormally thick & sticky meconium in the distal ileum
Meconium ileus
Meconium ileus is the earliest manifestation of _______.
cystic fibrosis
In esophageal atresia without a fistula, will you seen the stomach?
NO
Associated findings of Esophageal atresia
- anorectal atresia {MOST COMMON}
2.Vertebral defects {V}
3.Anal atresia {A}
4.Cardiac anomalies {C}
5.Tracheoepsophageal fistula {TE}
6.Renal anomalies {R} - Limb dysplasia {L}
{VACTERL}
Sonographic appearance with both duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia
POLYHYDRAMNIOS
Atresia or stenosis of the jejunum, ileum, or both, and small bowel atresia are slightly more common than ______
duodenal atresia
Complex disorder of bowel and genitourinary tract
anorectal atresia
Anorectal atresia is associated with _____ or _____
VACTERL or caudal regression
