Ch 6.1: A Tour of the Cell

Question 1

Where do the transport vesicles travel too?

Answer 1

the Golgi apparatus

Question 2

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 2

a warehouse for receiving, sorting, shipping, and manufactoring

Question 3

What is the “cis face” of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 3

receiving center, located near ER

Question 4

What is the “trans face” of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

departing/shipping center

Question 5

What are lysosomes?

Answer 5

membranous sac of enzymes that cells use to digest macromolecules

Question 6

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 6

the engulfing of smaller prarticles

Question 7

What is autophagy?

Answer 7

lysosomes use their enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organic material

Question 8

What are vacuoles?

Answer 8

large vesicles derived from the ER and the Golgi apparatus

Question 9

What are food vacuoles formed by?

Answer 9

phagocytosis

Question 10

What is a contractile vacuole?

Answer 10

pump excess water out of the cell, maintaining concentration of ions/molecules inside the cell

Question 11

What are the functions of small vacuoles?

Answer 11

store important organic compounds, protect against herbivores by storing poisonous compounds, and contain pigments

Question 12

What is a central vacuole?

Answer 12

mature plant cells contain a large vacuole which develops by the coalescence of smaller vacuoles

Question 13

What is the function of a central vacuole?

Answer 13

plays a major role in the growth of plant cells-absorbs water and the vacuole enlarges

Question 14

What is the main function of the mitochondria and the chloroplast?

Answer 14

they both convert energy to forms that cells can use

Question 15

What occurs in the mitochondria?

Answer 15

cellular respiration

Question 16

What occurs in the chloroplast?

Answer 16

photosynthesis

Question 17

What is the endosymbiont theory?

Answer 17

the belief that mitochondria and chloroplasts display similarities with bacteria

Question 18

First similarity in the endosymbiont theory:

Answer 18

mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes surrounding them, while all other organelles have one

Question 19

Second similarity in the endosymbiont theory:

Answer 19

mitochondria and chloroplasts contain ribosomes, as well as circular DNA molecules–Bacterial chromosomes are circular

Question 20

Third similarity in the endosymbiont theory:

Answer 20

mitochondria and chloroplasts are autonomous (somewhat independent) organelles that grow and reproduce within the cell–reproduction occurs similar to how bacteria reproduce

Question 21

What is the intermembrane space in the mitochondria?

Answer 21

the region between the inner and outer membranes

Question 22

What is the mitochondrial matrix in the mitochondria?

Answer 22

enclosed by the inner membrane

Question 23

The mitochondrial matrix contains:

Answer 23

enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes

Question 24

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 24

lens-shaped organelles, found in leaves and other green organs of plants and algae

Question 25

Chloroplasts contain:

Answer 25

the pigment chlorophyll, along with enzymes that function in the photosynthetic production of sugar

Question 26

What are thylakoids?

Answer 26

another membranous system of flattened, interconnected sacs inside the chloroplast

Question 27

What are granum?

Answer 27

stacks of thylakoids

Question 28

What are stroma?

Answer 28

the fluid outside the thylakoids, which contain chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes

Question 29

Three compartments in chloroplast:

Answer 29

intermembrane space, stroma, and the thylakoid space

Question 30

What is the peroxisome?

Answer 30

a metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Question 31

What is a cytoskeleton?

Answer 31

a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

Question 32

What is the function of a cytoskeleton?

Answer 32

plays a major role in organizing the structures and activities of the cell--mechanical support and maintain the cells shape

Question 33

What does cell motility require?

Answer 33

interaction of the cytoskeleton with motor proteins, which work together with plasma membrane molecules to allow whole cells to move along fibers outside the cell

Question 34

What are the three main types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 34

microtubules (the thickest), microfilaments/actin filaments (the thinnest), and intermediate filaments

Question 35

What are microtubules?

Answer 35

hollow rods constructed from tubulins (proteins)

Question 36

What is the function of microtubules?

Answer 36

they guide vesicles from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane

Question 37

What is a centrosome?

Answer 37

a region that is located near the nucleus, where microtubules grow from

Question 38

What is a centrioles?

Answer 38

within the centrosome, composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring

Question 39

What are flagella and cilia?

Answer 39

cellular extensions that contain microtubules which are responsible for their movement

Question 40

How does flagella differ from cilia?

Answer 40

locomotor appendages, ex. sperm of animals

Question 41

How does cilia differ from flagella?

Answer 41

more sheet-like, occur in large numbers, ex. lining the trachea to sweep mucus

Question 42

What motor protein is involved in bending microtubules?

Answer 42

dyneins

Question 43

What is the function of dynein in bending microtubules?

Answer 43

dynein "feet walk" along the microtubules of the adjacent doublet using ATP