Ch 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is cell division?
the reproduction of cells
What is a genome?
all DNA in a cell
What is a chromosome?
a packaged DNA molecule in a cell
What is chromatin?
a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division
What are somatic cells?
nonreproductive cells that have two sets of chromosomes, ex. humans have 46
What are gametes?
reproductive cells that have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells, ex. humans have 23
What are sister chromatids?
joined copies of the original chromosomes
What is the centromere?
the narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached
What happens to chromosomes during cell division?
they are duplicated into sister chromatids, separated, and moved into two nuclei
What does eukaryotic cell division consist of?
mitosis and cytokensis
What is mitosis?
the division of the genetic material in the nucleus
What is cytokinesis?
the division of the cytoplasm
What does the cell cycle consist of?
mitotic (M) phase and interphase
What is the mitotic (M) phase?
mitosis and cytokinesis
What is interphase?
cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preperation for cell division
What are the three phases in interphase?
G1 phase (“first gap”), S phase (“synthesis”), and G2 phase (“second gap”)
What happens during the G1 phase?
metabolic activity and growth
What happens during the S phase?
metabolic activity, growth, and DNA synthesis (the duplication of chromosomes)
What happens during the G2 phase?
metabolic activity, growth, and preparation for cell division
What are the five stages of mitosis?
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
