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Bio Exam 2 > Ch 12: The Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Ch 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cell division?

A

the reproduction of cells

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2
Q

What is a genome?

A

all DNA in a cell

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3
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

a packaged DNA molecule in a cell

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4
Q

What is chromatin?

A

a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division

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5
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

nonreproductive cells that have two sets of chromosomes, ex. humans have 46

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6
Q

What are gametes?

A

reproductive cells that have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells, ex. humans have 23

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7
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

joined copies of the original chromosomes

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8
Q

What is the centromere?

A

the narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached

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9
Q

What happens to chromosomes during cell division?

A

they are duplicated into sister chromatids, separated, and moved into two nuclei

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10
Q

What does eukaryotic cell division consist of?

A

mitosis and cytokensis

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11
Q

What is mitosis?

A

the division of the genetic material in the nucleus

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12
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

the division of the cytoplasm

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13
Q

What does the cell cycle consist of?

A

mitotic (M) phase and interphase

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14
Q

What is the mitotic (M) phase?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

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15
Q

What is interphase?

A

cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preperation for cell division

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16
Q

What are the three phases in interphase?

A

G1 phase (“first gap”), S phase (“synthesis”), and G2 phase (“second gap”)

17
Q

What happens during the G1 phase?

A

metabolic activity and growth

18
Q

What happens during the S phase?

A

metabolic activity, growth, and DNA synthesis (the duplication of chromosomes)

19
Q

What happens during the G2 phase?

A

metabolic activity, growth, and preparation for cell division

20
Q

What are the five stages of mitosis?

A

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Bio Exam 2 (11 decks)

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