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psych unit 3 > ch 6- the psychobiological process of memory > Flashcards

ch 6- the psychobiological process of memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Memory

A

A system in the brain that receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information.

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2
Q

Encoding

A

The process of converting sensory information into a usable form for the brain.

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3
Q

Storage

A

The act of retaining information over time.

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4
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of accessing previously stored information.

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5
Q

Role

A

The function of a specific memory store (e.g., sensory memory for temporary storage of incoming information).

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6
Q

Capacity

A

The amount of information a memory store can hold.

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7
Q

Duration

A

The length of time information is held in a memory store.

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8
Q

Sensory Memory

A

A brief (milliseconds) memory store for unlimited amounts of incoming sensory information.

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9
Q

Short-Term Memory (STM)

A

A limited capacity memory store that holds information for a short duration (seconds) unless actively rehearsed.

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10
Q

Displacement

A

The process of forgetting older information in STM as newer information is added.

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11
Q

Decay

A

The fading of information in STM over time if not rehearsed.

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12
Q

Rehearsal

A

The conscious manipulation of information in STM to maintain it or transfer it to long-term memory.

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13
Q

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

A

A relatively permanent memory store with a vast capacity that can hold information for a long time, potentially a lifetime.

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14
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Memory for facts and general knowledge about the world.

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15
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Information that can be consciously retrieved and declared, such as facts and events.

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16
Q

Declarative Memory

A

A type of explicit memory for specific facts and events.

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17
Q

Memory

A

A system in the brain that receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information.

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18
Q

Encoding

A

The process of converting sensory information into a usable form for the brain.

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19
Q

Storage

A

The act of retaining information over time.

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20
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of accessing previously stored information.

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21
Q

Role

A

The function of a specific memory store (e.g., sensory memory for temporary storage of incoming information).

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22
Q

Capacity

A

The amount of information a memory store can hold.

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23
Q

Duration

A

The length of time information is held in a memory store.

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24
Q

Sensory Memory

A

A brief (milliseconds) memory store for unlimited amounts of incoming sensory information.

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25
Q

Short-Term Memory (STM)

A

A limited capacity memory store that holds information for a short duration (seconds) unless actively rehearsed.

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26
Q

Displacement

A

The process of forgetting older information in STM as newer information is added.

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27
Q

Decay

A

The fading of information in STM over time if not rehearsed.

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28
Q

Rehearsal

A

The conscious manipulation of information in STM to maintain it or transfer it to long-term memory.

29
Q

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

A

A relatively permanent memory store with a vast capacity that can hold information for a long time, potentially a lifetime.

30
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Memory for facts and general knowledge about the world.

31
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Information that can be consciously retrieved and declared, such as facts and events.

32
Q

Declarative Memory

A

A type of explicit memory for specific facts and events.

33
Q

Semantic Memory

A

A subtype of declarative memory for facts and knowledge.

34
Q

Episodic Memory

A

A subtype of declarative memory for personally experienced events.

35
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Memory that is retrieved unconsciously, often involving skills and habits.

36
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

The outer layer of the brain involved in complex mental abilities, sensory processing, voluntary movements, and storing explicit memories.

37
Q

Hippocampus

A

A structure in the brain involved in forming long-term explicit memories and transferring them to the cerebral cortex for storage.

38
Q

Consolidation

A

The process of transforming a temporary memory into a more stable, long-lasting form.

39
Q

Amygdala

A

A structure in the brain involved in emotional reactions and forming emotional memories, particularly fear.

40
Q

Neocortex

A

The uppermost layer of the cerebral cortex responsible for high-order mental processes like language, attention, and memory.

41
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

A group of structures involved in motor movement, procedural memory (skill learning), and learning.

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

A structure involved in coordinating movement timing and fluency, and encoding simple conditioned reflexes (implicit memories).

43
Q

Autobiographical Memory

A

A memory system combining episodic and semantic memories to recall personal experiences.

44
Q

Reconstruction

A

The process of filling in gaps and creating a more coherent memory by combining stored information with other available details.

45
Q

Episodic Future Thinking

A

The ability to mentally project yourself forward in time to imagine possible future scenarios.

46
Q

Mental Time Travel

A

The capacity to recall past personal events and imagine future experiences.

47
Q

Amnesia

A

A complete or partial loss of memory, which can be temporary or permanent.

48
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

A neurodegenerative disease causing progressive memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes.

49
Q

Dementia

A

A group of symptoms caused by brain disorders affecting memory, thinking, and behavior.

50
Q

Brain Scan

A

An imaging technique used to examine brain activity and tissues.

51
Q

Lesion

A

A damaged or abnormal area of the brain.

52
Q

Amyloid Plaque

A

Abnormal protein build-up between neurons that disrupts communication.

53
Q

Neurofibrillary Tangle

A

Abnormal protein build-up inside neurons associated with cell death.

54
Q

Brain Atrophy

A

The loss of neurons in the brain.

55
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

The inability to form new explicit long-term memories after an amnesia-causing event.

56
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

The inability to retrieve previously stored memories after an amnesia-causing event.

57
Q

Aphantasia

A

The inability to visualize mental imagery.

58
Q

Visual Cortex

A

The brain region responsible for processing visual information.

59
Q

Congenital

A

Present at birth.

60
Q

Acquired

A

Developed after birth due to brain injury or psychological events.

61
Q

Mnemonic

A

A technique used to improve memory.

62
Q

Written Culture

A

A culture that relies on reading and writing to share information.

63
Q

Method of Loci

A

A mnemonic technique that associates information with a familiar location.

64
Q

Acronym

A

A word formed from the first letters of other words (e.g., NATO).

65
Q

Acrostic

A

A phrase where the first letter of each word serves as a memory cue.

66
Q

Oral Culture

A

A culture that relies on spoken word to share information and stories.

67
Q

Sung Narrative

A

A story told through singing, music, and sometimes dance. Often used to pass down knowledge and history.

68
Q

Dreaming

A

A complex system of spiritual beliefs and practices in Aboriginal cultures. It encompasses the relationship between the land, its people, and the spiritual world. Dreaming stories are often told through Sung Narratives and Songlines.

69
Q

Songline

A

A sung narrative or story pathway that traverses the landscape, connecting significant locations and events within Dreaming. Songlines function as a mnemonic device to help people remember important knowledge about the land and their culture.

psych unit 3 (6 decks)

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