ch 2- recording and analysing data, drawing and communicating conclusions Flashcards

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1
Q

primary data

A

data collected through first hand research for an intended purpose

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2
Q

secondary data

A

data obtained second hand through research conducted by another person for another purpose

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3
Q

qualitative data

A

data that describes characteristics and qualities

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4
Q

quantitative data

A

data that includes measurable values and quantities and can be compared on a numerical scale

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5
Q

percentage

A

a part of a whole, a proportion out of 100

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6
Q

percentage change

A

a calculation of the degree of change in a value over time

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7
Q

measures of central tendency

A

category of statistics that describes the central value of a set of data

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8
Q

mean

A

a statistic that is the average value of a set of data

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9
Q

median

A

the middle value in an ordered set of data

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10
Q

mode

A

value that occurs most frequently within a set of data

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11
Q

measures of variability

A

category of statistics that describe the distribution of data

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12
Q

standard deviation

A

spread of the data around the mean

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13
Q

tables

A

a way to display data and or summarise statistics clearly

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14
Q

bar charts

A

a way to display data with discrete categories

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15
Q

line graph

A

a way to display numerical and continuous data

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16
Q

true value

A

the true value or range of values that would be found if the quantity could be measured perfectly

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17
Q

accuracy

A

how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity being measured

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18
Q

precision

A

how close a set of measurement values agree with each other

19
Q

repeatability

A

the closeness of the agreement between successive measurements of the same quantity, under the same conditions

20
Q

reproducability

A

the closeness of the agreement between measurements of the same quantity, carried out under different conditions

21
Q

validity

A

whether a measurement measures what is supposed to measure

22
Q

internal validity

A

whether a study investigates what it sets out to or what it claims to investigate

23
Q

external validity

A

whether the results of research can be applied to similar individuals in a different setting

24
Q

personal errors

A

a mistake, miscalculation or observer error made when conducting research

25
Q

measurement error

A

the difference between the measured and the true value

26
Q

systematic error

A

an error that causes readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made.

27
Q

random error

A

an error that creates unpredictable variations in the measurement process and results in a spread of readings

28
Q

uncertainty

A

a lack of exact knowledge of the value being measured

29
Q

contradictory data

A

data that appears incorrect

30
Q

incomplete data

A

data that has elements missing

31
Q

outliers

A

a value that lies a long way from other results

32
Q

opinion

A

a judgement that is not necessarily based on proof

33
Q

anecdote

A

a short personal account of an event

34
Q

evidence

A

a verified fact

35
Q

conclusion

A

a statement about the findings of a study which addresses the aim and the hypothesis

36
Q

limitations of conclusions

A

the faults or flaws in the design of an investigation design that may limit the conclusions of that investigation

37
Q

implications

A

the impact a study might have on the population, relevant theory and future research

38
Q

scientific report

A

report outlining why and how some research was conducted, with an analysis of the findings

39
Q

abstract

A

a section of a scientific report that is a concise summary of the whole investigation

40
Q

intro section

A

provides an overview of what the investigation is trying to achieve and why it is important

41
Q

methodology

A

describes the participants, materials and procedures used in the study

42
Q

results

A

outlines the evidence and findings of the study

43
Q

discussion

A

analyses the findings and concludes the research

44
Q

conclusion

A