ch 5- approaches to learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

The process of acquiring knowledge or skills through experience. There are many different approaches to learning.

Question 2

Behaviorist Approach

Answer 2

An approach to learning that focuses on how interactions with the environment shape behavior.

Question 3

Conditioning

Answer 3

A learning process where behavior is influenced by events in the environment.

Question 4

Stimulus

Answer 4

An environmental event that triggers a response in an organism.

Question 5

Response

Answer 5

A behavioral reaction to a stimulus.

Question 6

Classical Conditioning

Answer 6

A type of conditioning where a learned association is formed between two stimuli.

Question 7

Before Conditioning

Answer 7

The stage before classical conditioning occurs, where there is no learned association.

Question 8

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Answer 8

A stimulus that naturally triggers a response without prior learning.

Question 9

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 9

An automatic response that occurs naturally in reaction to an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 10

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 10

A stimulus that does not trigger a response before conditioning.

Question 11

During Conditioning

Answer 11

The stage where classical conditioning takes place, and associations are formed.

Question 12

Acquisition

Answer 12

The process of learning the association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 13

After Conditioning

Answer 13

The stage after classical conditioning, where a learned response occurs.

Question 14

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 14

A previously neutral stimulus that now triggers a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 15

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 15

A learned response that is similar to the unconditioned response and is triggered by the conditioned stimulus.

Question 16

Operant Conditioning

Answer 16

A type of conditioning where the consequences of a behavior influence the likelihood of it being repeated.

Question 17

Antecedent

Answer 17

An environmental stimulus that comes before a behavior.

Question 18

Behavior

Answer 18

Any observable action of an organism.

Question 19

Consequence

Answer 19

The outcome of a behavior that can influence its future occurrence.

Question 20

Reinforcement

Answer 20

A consequence that strengthens a behavior, making it more likely to be repeated.

Question 21

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 21

Reinforcement that involves adding a desirable stimulus after a behavior, increasing its likelihood.

Question 22

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 22

Reinforcement that involves removing an undesirable stimulus after a behavior, increasing its likelihood.

Question 23

Punishment

Answer 23

A consequence that weakens a behavior, making it less likely to be repeated.

Question 24

Positive Punishment

Answer 24

Punishment that involves adding an undesirable stimulus after a behavior, decreasing its likelihood.

Question 25

Negative Punishment

Answer 25

Punishment that involves removing a desirable stimulus after a behavior, decreasing its likelihood.

Question 26

Learner

Answer 26

The individual who observes, remembers, and imitates the actions of a model.

Question 27

Model

Answer 27

The person (live, recorded, or symbolic) whose behavior is being observed.

Question 28

Observational Learning

Answer 28

A type of social learning where a learner observes a model’s actions and consequences to guide their own behavior.

Question 29

Social-Cognitive Approach

Answer 29

An approach to learning that emphasizes how people process, remember, and learn information in social settings.

Question 30

Attention

Answer 30

The first stage of observational learning, where the learner focuses on the model’s behavior and its outcomes.

Question 31

Retention

Answer 31

The second stage of observational learning, where the learner stores a mental representation of the model’s behavior.

Question 32

Reproduction

Answer 32

The third stage of observational learning, where the learner physically or mentally performs the model’s behavior.

Question 33

Motivation

Answer 33

The desire of the learner to perform the model’s behavior.

Question 34

Reinforcement

Answer 34

In observational learning, receiving a reward or positive outcome that increases the likelihood of the learner imitating the behavior.

Question 35

Indigenous

Answer 35

Refers to the original or first inhabitants of a particular geographic location.

Question 36

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

Answer 36

The Indigenous population of Australia.

Question 37

Community

Answer 37

A group of people living in the same place or sharing a common interest who interact with each other.

Question 38

Ways of Knowing

Answer 38

Methods through which knowledge is acquired and understood.

Question 39

First Nations

Answer 39

Another term for Indigenous Australians.

Question 40

Connection to Country

Answer 40

A fundamental concept in Indigenous knowledge systems, emphasizing the deep respect and interconnectedness with the land.

Question 41

Narrative

Answer 41

A story that can be told in various ways, including performance, song, and dance.

Question 42

Yarn

Answer 42

An Indigenous system of learning that involves sharing stories and knowledge.

Question 43

Learning Map

Answer 43

Visual representations used to illustrate processes for learners.

Question 44

Kinaesthetic

Answer 44

Relating to body movement and sensation.

Question 45

Place-Based Learning

Answer 45

A learning approach that emphasizes connections to a specific location and its history.