Ch. 6: Sprinklers And Standpipe Systems Part II Flashcards
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #136)
Exit travel distances for bldgs without sprinkler systems – 100’ may be distance for a school or office. If bldg built with automatic wet sprinkler system, many codes allow the exit travel distance to:
Double
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #137)
Tactics inside bldg where sprinklers not working →
- Stretch handlines for manual attack
- Make effort to get sprinklers operational
- Immediately supply FDC & monitor effect
- Alert interior forces that you will be turning on water to system
- Effect on FF’s of sudden sprinkler operation – large steam or smoke cloud & red-hot water will descend on FF’s.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #138)
In case of large bldgs w/ several zones or separate systems – the FDC will join the system (where):
Below the main OS&Y (outside stem and yoke) control valve – if this is closed, pumping water into FDC will not feed water into that system or zone.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #139)
Fig. 6-18: On systems with multiple risers, the fire dept connection feeds the system below:
The main control valves – if an OS&Y is closed, you will not be able to pump into that section.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #140)
P/O’s supplying FDC should note if discharge & intake pressures fluctuate when the gate valve feeding the line is closed – If no fluctuation in pressures as valve is closed, meaning no water flowing in system, culprit may be:
Closed sprinkler valve
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #141)
ASAP – send recon team equipped with FE tools including bolt cutters, and portable radios to sprinkler control valve location. If sprinklers not operating, chances are:
Valve is closed.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #142)
Recon team may be able to open valve and restore protection. Warn all interior units of this impending action, and should be directed to report ___ to the IC. And should also report any situation where:
- The effects of sprinkler operation.
- Water does not flow from heads in fire area (other valves may be closed or could be a break in the piping remote from the area)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #143)
If large break in piping, shut down control valve and save water for either:
Manual attack or exposure protection.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #144)
Keep lines supplying FDC charged if there’s possibility that other portions of the system are operational – this may assist in confining the fire to section of bldg already involved. Remind recon crew part of their job is to verify actual position of control valve, since a ___ may be an indication of arson
- Closed control valve
* (May have to testify in court as to position of valves when they arrived and any attempts made to open)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #145)
If valves located and opened, the crew (recon crew) should:
Standby at valves, awaiting orders to close them – will close if cause severe operating problems or if large breaks in piping are discovered that render system inoperable.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #146)
If bldg not occupied & no signs of fire detected →
- FD actions will depend on ___.
- First, will look for:
- Actions depend on size up
- Look for obvious signs of water flow
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #147)
Obvious signs of water flow are:
- Ringing water motor alarm
- Steady flow of water from drain pipes near control valves
- Running water out from under doors or down stairwells
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #148)
A wet-pipe system, which is subject to pressure surges – will sound an alarm and then reset when:
Pressure stabilizes
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #149)
Checking for water flow at the Siamese connection is done by:
Feeling the pipe for vibrations & putting your ear to it to listen for sound of flowing water
THIS WAS A TEST QUESTION
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #150)
Words of caution when entering buildings to check alarms →
- At times may be able to enter through elevated area such as roof or window
- Min. of 2 members enter to open main door
- Be alert for hidden hazards – open shafts, automatic starting machinery.
- Be alert for watch dogs, night watch personnel
- Make noise before set for inside
- Advise owner (in writing) of any damage incurred
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #151)
In some cases, our failure to act (not entering bldgs in which called to investigate an alarm) may allow an insignificant fire to intensify. This happens primarily in systems that have limited:
Water supply and depend on FD’s support of the siamese to ensure total extinguishment
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #152)
Such systems, with limited water supply – rather than having a large connection to a public water main, these constant pressure systems are fed from either:
A gravity tank or a pressure tank
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #153)
Fig. 6-19: A ___ offers very limited pressure to the top floor sprinklers
- Gravity tank
- (Gravity & pressure tanks are limited-duration supplies, must be augmented immediately through the FD’s siamese connection)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #154)
Fig. 6-20: A ___ tank offers the advantage of increased pressure for the top floor:
Pressure tank – resembles a giant pressurized water extinguisher
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #155)
Fig. 6-20 (cont): On a pressure tank, the sight glass shows the water level, which should be ___ water and ___ compressed air:
- 2/3 water
* 1/3 compressed air
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #156)
Depending on the hazard, the capacity of these tanks (pressure and gravity) varies from:
2000 – 5000 gallons or more
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #157)
Gravity tanks & pressure tanks are designed to provide at least ___ minutes of supply:
- 30 min.
* (if supply runs out, FD must supply siamese)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #158)
At some arson fires, water flow is shut off after heads activated. This typically means:
As arsonist fled scene – realized sprinklers darkened their work, so shut off outside OS&Y valve on way out.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Size Up At Sprinklered Buildings (NC #159)
Reasons to not delay investigations on water flow responses:
- Equipment may be exposed to damage.
* (Even if water not flowing, pump may be damaged)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #160)
As soon as its determined sprinkler system is present and operating, should locate system controls & station a 2-FF team there. Control valves generally located (not always the case)?
Near the outside signs of the sprinkler system (water motor gong, siamese or drains)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #161)
Some bldgs have several zones, with valves located at the ceiling, ___ above the floor and accessible only by ladder:
15’ – 25’
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #162)
Best policy to locate controls – get help from bldg personnel. If not avail – fall back on prefire plan or knowledge from past visits. In past, if 2 methods didn’t work – could look at sprinkler piping & trace it back to its supply. Design of the system was known as?
- Tree system
- Farthest branches were smallest -
- As pipe diameter increased, reached the trunk, and finally to the root of system where control valves located.
- (hydraulic design of systems has changed)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #163)
Sprinkler systems now often designed as:
- Loops with equal diameter supply mains surrounding bldg -
* Cross-connected to form a grid.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #164)
Fig. 6-21: Ceiling mounted valves – All members should note ___ of such sectional valves as they pass by, which is more difficult to tell on modern valves than with older OS&Y valves:
The position (open or closed)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #165)
The most common type of sprinkler system control is the:
The OS&Y valve
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #166)
The OS&Y (___ to close) is usually found (where):
- Clockwise to close
* At the base of the sprinkler riser near the front of the bldg.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #167)
OS&Y is an indicating type of valve – can see it’s position by looking at it. Which direction is the spoked handwheel turned to open?
- Counterclockwise – center stem screw rises and sticks out beyond valve
- (turn clockwise to close – stem recedes in to the valve)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #168)
OS&Y – We can tell if valve is open/closed by the amount of the stem protruding. Closed if how much of stem is protruding?
¼” or less
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #169)
OS&Y – A fully open valve should have about as much as the stem showing as the thickness of:
The pipe above or below it (ex – 6” alarm valve should have about 6” of brass protruding below it)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #170)
Large, older valves may not have been operated in decades – can be difficult to close. A ___ can be placed on the handwheel & used as leverage to assist in operating the valve:
18” pipe wrench
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #171)
Which 2 devices, greatly resemble each other and serve the same purpose – to control the flow of water:
- Post indicator Valve (PIV) &
* Wall indicator valve (WIV)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #172)
At times, single valve may control all bldg or separate PIV/WIV’s may be in different zones. Both valves show whether they are open or shut by means of:
A sign within the stem of the valve reading open or shut.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #173)
PIV – normally found w/ its operating handle secured by a padlock in __ position over the operating unit:
- Open position – to close:
- Remove padlock
- Place handle over operating nut – same manner as if hydrant
- Turn clockwise to close
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #174)
WIV also has sign on stem, but instead of having a separate handle, it is most often fitted with a ___ to operate it:
Spoked handwheel
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #175)
WIV – the handwheel doesn’t raise or lower a stem. Only indication of the valve position is:
Signs window
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #176)
WIV - Usually chained/locked to prevent unauthorized closings. Closing WIV:
- Remove chain and turn clockwise
* (use of pipe wrench helpful)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #177)
FF’s should be able to recognize/operate the 2” main drain valve. Often it is labeled ___, and its physical features distinguish it from other valves:
Main drain
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #178)
The main drain is usually a 2” pipe, the 2nd largest pipe besides:
The large supply main
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #179)
Fig. 6-25: All members should be able to locate the main drain on an alarm valve. Its usually a ___ valve:
Angle
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #180)
Fig. 6-25 (cont): Main drain → open this valve after ___ to speed drainage and reduce water damage:
Shutting down the OS&Y
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #181)
The main drain valve is of unusual design, it is often an angle valve – with the ___ & ___ at a 90 degrees to each other:
The feed and the discharge
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Locating And Operating Controls (NC #182)
Use main drain valve because:
- After shut off control valve, water remains in system →
- Will continue to pour out any open sprinkler heads.
- FF’s can speed up process of salvage & overhaul by draining water out through drainpipe
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #183)
Some fd’s prefer to chock flowing sprinklers & not touch any other valves or fittings. Advantageous in protection bc rest of bldg not compromised. But unsatisfactory bc:
- Different sprinkler styles
- High ceilings
- Low visibility
- Other factors
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #184)
Figure 6-26: Every sprinklered bldg should be equipped with a supply of ___.
- Spare heads & wrench to change them
* (Notify bldg owner when you replace a head)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #185)
___% involve only 1 or 2 heads:
90%
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #186)
Possibly installing wrong type of head – for the most part, the worst that could happen is install the wrong:
- Temperature and style.
- (this should be temporary measure until contractor arrives & corrects – even an incorrect head will fuse and apply water to fire)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #187)
All sprinkler heads are marked for:
Temperature
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #188)
Sprinkler heads marked for temperature. They are also color-coded to indicate the temperature, unless they are:
Chrome plated
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #189)
All sprinkler heads are also marked as to their intended placement as follows:
- Upright
- Pendant or
- Sidewall
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #190)
- If replace sprinkler head, mark location of replaced head with?
- Also mark:
- Piece of bright cloth or fire line tape on the pipe.
* Also mark OS&Y valve with similar tape & leave note to check head.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Restoration of Protection (NC #191)
Last step, as in all cases, direct the owner (in writing), to:
Have system examined and heads inspected by qualified sprinkler contractor.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #192)
Standpipe systems are sometimes confused with ___, usually by inexperienced FF’s who haven’t seen each type of system in action:
Sprinkler systems
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #193)
Standpipe systems and sprinkler systems both usually have an FDC that looks similar, and other similarities such as ___ (2), but the purposes of the 2 are distinctly different:simplify FD operations)
Style of control valves and water sources
(Note: some jurisdictions color-code each to
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #194)
A sprinkler system sounds the alarm and actively attacks the fire – but a standpipe is a very ___ device.
Passive device – some cases being no more than a vertical pipe requiring FD pumpers to supply water to it.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #195)
As with sprinklers, the type of (standpipe) system relates to the:
Water supply
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #196)
As w/ sprinklers, the type of system relates to the water supply. Which NFPA standard describes the 5 classes of standpipe systems:
NFPA 14
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #197)
NFPA 14 is the Standard for:
Installation of Standpipe & Hose Systems
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #198)
NFPA 14 was first adopted in ___, and remained largely unchanged regarding fire department operations from standpipes until ___:
1912 (adopted)
1993 (changed)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #199)
The 5 types of standpipe systems as described by NFPA 14:
- Automatic wet
- Automatic dry
- Semiautomatic dry
- Manual wet
- Manual dry
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #200)
Standpipe Systems: NFPA 14 was extensively revised after which catastrophic fire?
At this fire, standpipe failed due to ___
• One Meridian Plaza Fire, Philadelphia – 1991.
- Standpipe failed due to improperly adjusted pressure regulating devices.
- (3 ff’s died)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #201)
NFPA 14 – written reflecting tactics that were common in 1912, using 2½” hose & solid tip nozzles. When departments decide to use 1½, 1¾ or 2” hose & fog nozzles, they violate?
Hydraulic design of standpipe systems
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #202)
Vast majority of standpipe equipped buildings were built under ___ (which) standards:
Pre-1993 standards
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #203)
A basic standpipe system is as simple as:
A vertical pipe w/ valved outlets on each floor to connect hose.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #204)
A manual-dry standpipe is a system in which water is only in the system when:
When FD pumps into it.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #205)
Possible locations for manual-dry standpipe systems:
- Adjoining to front fire escape balcony rather than inside – old and considered unusable
- Bldgs under const – where no heat is provided (common)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #206)
Problems w/ manual dry standpipe systems (since there is normally no water in the system):
- Piping may not be able to withstand working pressure due to corrosion
- If system does handle pressure – expect delays in developing sufficient pressure.
- Subject to vandalism/theft – if brass outlet valve stole – system OOS.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #207)
Valved outlets (in manual dry systems) are often located in ___ areas:
- Public areas within bldgs
* (valves left open, either unintentionally or intentionally)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #208)
Manual dry standpipes are often found in ___, where they are subject to vandalism.
- Parking garages
* (fig. 6-29: MDP’s subject to corrosion, damage & vandalism)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #209)
Manual dry standpipes – since there in not water in the system, it is easy for thieves to steal the ___, rendering the entire system OOS:
Brass outlet valves
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #210)
Problems w/ manual dry standpipes often identified during an emergency. Discouraged to install. The ___ system is a slight improvement over the manual dry-pipe.
Wet-standpipe system
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #211)
Wet standpipe system has a small water supply, which reduces the problems of corrosion and open valves, but it is too small to:
- Supply an adequate stream –
* (FF’s must know about this in advance & supply siamese with a pumper before hose stream is put into operation)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #212)
The preferred type of standpipe is the ___ system:
The automatic wet system
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #213)
Wet standpipes - just like wet sprinkler systems have source of water under pressure right up to:
Each hose outlet – prevents problems mentioned & speeds up process.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #214)
Where freezing weather makes the installation of wet standpipes impractical, a better alternative to the normal dry standpipe is the ___ system:
The semiautomatic dry-system
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #215)
Semiautomatic dry system has deluge-type of valve connected to ___ at each hose station.
A set of manual pull boxes at each station.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #216)
Fig. 6-30: Semiautomatic dry standpipes may be found in areas subject to freezing (parking garages). To activate the system, you must first:
Activate the switch to the left of the pipe
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #217)
Fig. 6-30 (cont): Semiautomatic dry standpipes – the quarter turn valve just outside the hose cabinet should be used to:
- Vent the air from the system before opening the hose valve
* (so nozzle team not faced with bleeding off compressed air before water reaches nozzle)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #218)
Semiautomatic dry system – to charge the system from the domestic supply, user pulls the box, which sounds the alarm and trips the ___ valve:
Deluge valve.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #219)
Although (the semiautomatic system) isn’t as desirable as the ___ system, it is superior to the manual dry:
Manual dry
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #220)
The 5th type of standpipe is the automatic dry standpipe, which is nearly identical to a __ sprinkler system:
Dry automatic sprinkler system
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #221)
The 5th type of standpipe is the automatic dry standpipe, which is nearly identical to a dry automatic sprinkler system in that the piping is:.
Piping is filled with compressed air and is connected to a dry pipe valve
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #222)
Automatic dry standpipe – opening hose outlet valve allows air pressure to drop & water to fill pipe & eventually the hose.
BLANK
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #223)
Automatic dry standpipe systems not common due to maintenance problems & they are not desirable from a FD point of view because:
Of the need to bleed the pressurized air through the nozzle
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #224)
Sources of Supply: Sources of water, which are similar to those in automatic sprinkler systems:
- Direct connection to city main (both with & without booster pumps)
- Gravity tanks
- Pressure tanks
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #225)
Sources of Supply: Important to know source of water both in:
Volume of water available and pressure
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #226)
Sources of Supply: Where the supply is from either a gravity or pressure tank, FF has only a limited time to put fire out or get pumper to augment supply. In case of a 5000 gal reserve, a single 2½” will exhaust the tank in less than:
20 minutes
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #227)
Sources of Supply: At least initially, (tank supply), which is more critical of the water:
Initially, pressure at which water flows is more critical than quantity available.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #228)
Sources of Supply: The pressure in a gravity tank-fed system is directly related to:
How far below the top of the water level the hoseline is to be operated.
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #229)
Sources of Supply: If gravity tank is located 20’ above the roof of a 100’ bldg, there will be about ___ psi will be available at the 1st floor outlet. The pressure results from:
- About 50 psi
* Pressure results from height of the water above)
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #230)
Sources of Supply: Gravity tank - every foot of water height exerts how much pressure at the bottom of the pipe, which is the reason the tank must be raised above the roof:
.434 psi
Ch. 6: Norman – Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Operations
Section: Standpipe Systems (NC #231)
Fig. 6-31: A gravity tank as the only automatic supply for a standpipe system is undesirable, since:
The low pressures at the upper floors prevents placing a hose stream in operation until the FD siamese connection is properly supplied.