Ch. 15: Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires

Question 1

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #1)

In many parts of the country where rapid growth is being experienced, a relatively new type of fire is being encountered, fire in garden apt bldgs &/or townhouses. Sometimes, these bldgs are referred to as:

Answer 1

Condos (short for condominiums)

Question 2

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #2)

Term condo is very misleading, referring to ___ and not to ___, which is more important to FFs:

Answer 2

• Refers to arrangement of ownership.

* Not the layout of the living spaces – more important to FFs.

Question 3

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #3)

These 2 types of bldgs (garden apts & townhouses) are similar to other residential occupancies, private houses & older traditional apartments in terms of what (3):

Answer 3

• Fire loading
• Compartmentation w/ in apt
• Need for speed of water application, as well as many turns are likely to be made with the hoseline.

Question 4

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #4)

At 1st glance, 2 types of bldgs appear indistinguishable, but there are distinct differences between them that affect our tactics. The term garden apartment refers to the fact that unlike older urban apt bldgs, these newer style are usually:

Answer 4

• Low-ride MDs.

* 1 – 3 stories high

Question 5

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #5)

The term ‘Garden Apartment’ refers to the fact that unlike older urban apt bldgs, these newer style bldgs are usually low-rise MDs ranging 1 – 3 stories, although many are being built that range as:

Answer 5

6 stories if wood frame

Question 6

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #6)

Garden Apts – Often surrounded by lawns, trees & other landscaping. Some of these features can serve to severely hamper fire apparatus ___ and the ability to ___:

Answer 6

• Placement.

* Raise ground ladders or operate hose streams.

Question 7

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #7)

15-1: Far from inner-city tenements, garden apartments & townhouses hold many of the same problems of other residential bldgs in terms of (3):

Answer 7

• Fire loading,
• Compartmentation,
• Life hazard.

Question 8

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #8)

Normally, garden apartments are laid out so that each apartment has its ___ only on 1 floor, although smaller complexes may be built like townhouses w/ 2 story apts:

Answer 8

Living space

Question 9

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #9)

15-2: Garden apartments are MDs that typically have living quarters of each apt on only 1 level. Stairs may be open to the ___. ___ construction abounds in these occupancies as well:

Answer 9

Exterior / lightweight construction

Question 10

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #10)

Garden level apts often have a ___, which is not as common in townhouses:

Answer 10

Common cockloft over all apts

Question 11

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #11)

Garden Apartments – there is normally no ___ found within the individual apartments of the larger style, but will be present in the (some) 2 story types:

Answer 11

Interior stair

Question 12

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #12)

15:3 – Many smaller garden level apartment complexes resemble townhomes in that apartments have ___ on both floors of the unit.

Answer 12

Living space.

GLAs – typically have common cockloft over all units & possible a common cellar or crawlspace.

Question 13

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #13)

Garden Level Apts – In many cases, the entrance to upper-floor apts is exposed to ___. This stair is no less crucial than the interior stair of older MDs – its protection must be our prime objective.

Answer 13

The street or yard

Question 14

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #15)

Garden level apts – should be addressed using protocols similar to:

Answer 14

Older MDs

Question 15

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #16)

Some versions of garden apts have interior stairs & an inside hallway. These should be addressed using similar protocols to older MDs. They pose + risk to FFs due to:

Answer 15

Prevalence of lightweight construction

Question 16

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #17)

___ is critical to determining appropriate tactics for individual bldgs:

Answer 16

Preplanning

Question 17

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #18)

15-5: Newer apt complexes have interior staircases & halls. They should be treated basically the same as older MDs, but with the added danger of:

Answer 17

Lightweight construction

Question 18

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #19)

Garden level apt review:

Answer 18

• Low rise MDs; 1 – 3 stories.
• Surrounded by lawns, trees, landscaping.
• Have common cockloft (maybe cellar)
• Normally – no interior stair
• Entrance stairway to upper floor apts exposed to street/yard.
• Newer apt complexes – lightweight const.

Question 19

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #20)

Townhouses, are similar to (which dwelling):

Answer 19

Traditional 1-family private home – but attached to other homes on each side.

Question 20

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #21)

15-6: THs are PDs that are attached on 1 or more sides. They have the dangers of other PDs with ___ & less ___. Each ‘box’ should be treated as a separate fire area with potential for extension to others:

Answer 20

Open stairways

Limited ventilation.

Question 21

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #22)

THs typically have ___ (how many floors) connected by an open interior stair:

As many as ___ living levels have been found in split-level designs of 3-sty bldgs:

Answer 21

• 2 - 3

* 5

Question 22

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #23)

THs – Room size & fireloading similar to a more traditional house. They typically don’t have ___, as they are individually owned homes that share common:

Answer 22

• Common cocklofts or crawlspaces.

* Party walls.

Question 23

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #24)

Both THs & GLAs pose some common problems, which have repeated themselves across the country. Problems often begin:

Answer 23

The layout of the development or complex itself – with poor access for apparatus.

Question 24

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #25)

Both THs & GLAs pose some common problems, which have repeated themselves across the country. Problems often begin with the layout of the development or complex itself, w/ poor access for apparatus – this slows placement for ___ and limits the usefulness of ___:

Answer 24

• Hoselines & ladders

* Fixed master streams

Question 25

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #26)

Garden apts are often developed with little thought to FD ___ & ___.

Answer 25

Access & operations

Preplanning can pay major dividends during an incident.

Question 26

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #27)

THs & GLAs common problems, across the country – The closely spaced bldgs, often of ___ construction & combustible ___ pose serious threat of bldg-to-bldg exposure:

Answer 26

• Wood construction

* Roofing & siding

Question 27

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #28)

15-9: The addition of a single course of ___ at critical intersections can slow rapid flame spread from bdlg to bldg:

Answer 27

Brick Veneer

Question 28

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #29)

15-10: Where severe hazards such as wood shake shingles are encountered, additional protection such as ___ should be required:

Answer 28

Automatic sprinklers

Question 29

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #30)

THs & GLAs common problems, across the country → ___ & ___ are often deficient inside the complex, requiring long stretches to reach sufficient supplies outside the complex:

Answer 29

Hydrant spacing & flows

Question 30

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #45)

The biggest difference between fire operations in these bldgs (THs & GLAs) and other apartment bldgs is due to the prevalence of:

Answer 30

Lightweight combustible construction

Question 31

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #31)

THs & GLAs common problems, across the country → Gaining access & egress to the complex itself may be a challenge in many developments – especially the more exclusive, expensive ones, being built as:

Answer 31

Limited access, high-security compounds surrounded by walls or fences.

Question 32

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #32)

THs & GLAs common problems, across the country → Preplanning should be developed for:

Answer 32

Access & water supply

Question 33

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #33)

Many inner-city FFs would recognize these bldgs (THs & GLAs) as nearly identical to their old nemesis, the:

Answer 33

Row frame

Question 34

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #34)

1 of the key differences between GLAs, THs & most other dwellings is the attached nature of the:

Answer 34

Combustible exteriors

Question 35

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #35)

The interior layouts are similar to homes & typical house fire tactics should be employed for the routine room & contents fire, using (what size hose and why):

Answer 35

• 1¾” or 2”

* For speed & maneuverability up stairs & around bends

Question 36

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #36)

A major problem that develops for some departments that have little experience in garden apts when the layout of the development precludes the pumper from:

Answer 36

Being close enough to utilize its preconnected handlines.

Question 37

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #37)

(CFPC) – A means of quickly placing a hoseline in operation must be available from both (where):

Answer 37

• The nearest access point as well as;

* Alternative places where the pumper may have to stop due to illegal parking/other obstructions.

Question 38

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #38)

While 1¾” or 2” is normally line of choice inside bldg, the high FL in these lines demand that no more than ___ of these lines be used off the engine:

Answer 38

300’

Question 39

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #39)

If engines can’t always be ___, some 2½” or 3” hose will be required to cut the FL:

Answer 39

Within 300’ of the most remote corner of each room on every floor of the development

Question 40

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #40)

Method (Norman) uses to deal with these long hose stretches is to:

Answer 40

• Stretch 2½” to the front apartment.
• Attach 100’ 1¾” standpipe pack to;
• Break-apart 2½” nozzle.
• (100 of 1¾” is for interior use, 15-12)

Question 41

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #41)

1¾” hose offers –
2½” serves to cut –
2½” break apart nozzle serves as the –

Answer 41

• Flexibility for making turns inside structure.
• FL (allows 100s of hose to be stretched).
• 2½” x 1¾” reducer w/ added versatility.

Question 42

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #42)

If heavy fire is encountered, especially fire that is extending to exposures, it is a simple matter to:

Answer 42

Hit it with the 2½” immediately

Question 43

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #43)

If operations have already begun & FFs must back out due to heavy fire, dc 1¾” hose & place larger stream in operation. In closely spaced, attached rows of combustible apts present in many developments, once fire vents from a door or window, ___ becomes critical:

Answer 43

Stopping fire extension

Question 44

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #44)

Another means of accomplishing the similar task – connect 1¾” leader (attack) line to a ___ at the end of the 3” line:

Answer 44

• Gated wye or water thief
• Norman – prefers 2½” line & nozzle instead of water thief bc if 1¾” is insufficient; 2½” nozzle is immediately available.
• May take too long to bring 2½” line up & in operation if 1¾” used w/ thief.

Question 45

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #45)

The biggest difference between fire operations in these bldgs (THs & GLAs) and other apartment bldgs is due to the prevalence of:

Answer 45

Lightweight combustible construction

Question 46

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #46)

Townhouses & garden apartments built with trusses or other light weight methods require extremely fast knockdown from a safe area, or else ___ is likely to trap FFs:

Answer 46

Collapse

Question 47

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #47)

15-16: New hazards require FFs to remain constantly aware of construction techniques being used in their area. FFs should expect heavy fire to cause early collapse while breaching the ___, even if tradespeople have not already helped it to do so:

Answer 47

Dividing wall

Question 48

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #48)

When fire has begun in or extended to the ___, the danger of sudden collapse has prompt a shift in tactics:

Answer 48

Structural voids

Question 49

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #49)

A realistic evaluation of the life hazard and likelihood of collapse should prompt a rapid overwhelming ___ attack, from ___:

Answer 49

Blitz attack from a position outside of the collapse zone.

Question 50

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #50)

The power of the 2 ½” handline comes into play. A 1¼” solid tip at 50 psi nozzle pressure delivers ___ gpm:

With reach & penetration ability to extinguish a fully involved apt without having to push it under:

Answer 50

• 350 gpm
• A weakened roof or floor.
• (if available, elevated master stream in invaluable)

Question 51

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #51)

Once fire has been knocked down & sufficient lighting is in place to allow FFs to ___, it may be possible to enter the structure to complete search & overhaul:

Answer 51

Thoroughly evaluate the structure’s collapse potential.

Question 52

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #52)

Tower ladder permits knockdown from outside of the collapse zone of most 2 or 3 story apts, since ___ is not the main failure, but rather ___ (is the main failure):

Answer 52

• Wall failure is NOT main danger.

* Floor or roof collapse.

Question 53

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #53)

Most GAs & to a lesser extent, THs have a common ___, that extends over several apts within a bldg – similar to a row frame:

Answer 53

Cockloft

note: contradicts notion stated on pg. 405 stating THs typically don’t have cockloft or crawlspaces

Question 54

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #54)

Std practice in old-style row frame w/ fire on top flr called for 1¾” to be stretched into top floor of each exposure to stop ext in cockloft, while crews worked on darkening original fire. This tactic not as likely to be successful in bldg built w/ lightweight methods, bc:

Answer 54

Key weapon in taken away from fire forces in truss bldgs – roof ventilation.

Question 55

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #55)

15-18: When effective ___ is not possible, the destruction is virtually assured.

Answer 55

Ventilation

Question 56

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #56)

15-18 (cont): ___ construction techniques make roof ventilation too dangerous to attempt:

Answer 56

Lightweight construction

Question 57

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #57)

Early cutting of a large hole over main fire is not possible on lightweight bdlgs, since FFs should not be committed to the roof of these structures in the event of heavy fire in:

Answer 57

The cockloft

Question 58

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #58)

Early cutting of lg hole over main fire not possible on lt-wt bdlgs bc FFs shouldn’t be committed to the roof of these structures in the event of heavy fire in the cockloft. W/ out needed roof ventilation, FFs likely 2b driven out of adjoining bldg sections. The only place to make a stop under these circumstances is behind:

Answer 58

• A defendable barrier –
• A fire wall or more likely a party wall that;
• Extends up through bldg from foundation, through cockloft, at least to underside of the roof boards & preferably above the roof.

Question 59

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #59)

15-19: A well-built fire wall can be a great asset in stopping fire extension. A true fire wall will be built of ___, and extend how far beyond the roof:

Answer 59

• Brick

* Extend at least 3’ above the roof & beyond any combustible surfaces

Question 60

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #60)

Cont from NC 58: From this position, behind the barrier, a coordinate fire attack stands a good chance of cutting off a rapidly extending fire, since:

Answer 60

• Ceilings can be pulled,
• Roof can be opened on safe side of wall, &
• Hoselines operated hit fire that doesn’t come through the holes present in such walls.

Question 61

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #61)

When planning a defensive strategy, be aware of factors that may defeat your efforts & endanger FFs. 1st be aware of ___ roofs, which wrap around division walls outside of the bldg & allow fire to sneak around FFs in large volumes

Answer 61

Mansard roofs

Question 62

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #62)

When planning defensive strategy – beware of several factors that can defeat your strategy & endanger FFs; 1st - Mansard roofs. 2nd – be aware that most so-called fire-walls in these bldgs are not true fire walls in what manner?

Answer 62

• They are not meant to be totally self-supporting –

* Even if the entire fire side of the wall collapses

Question 63

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #63)

Townhomes, being PDs are usually separated from their adjoining neighbors by a ___:

Answer 63

Common or party wall

Question 64

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #64)

15-21: Mansard rood often wrap around ___ and allow fire to spread to adjoining cocklofts:

Answer 64

Division walls outside the bldg

Question 65

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #65)

Party walls – construction of:

Answer 65

• Have joists or trusses from both sides of the wall laid on top of each story either -
• Side by side or butt-end to butt end, and then
• The space between joists/trusses is filled w/ masonry.

Question 66

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #66)

(In party walls) - Space between joists or trusses is supposed to be filled in with masonry. Unfortunately void is often filled in haphazardly, with:

Answer 66

Fragments of block & mortar

Question 67

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #67)

(CFPC) – Since this area will be above the ceiling when occupied, it receives little notice unless it is inspected when:

Answer 67

As the blocks are actually being put in

Question 68

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #68)

(In party walls) - Space between joists or trusses is supposed to be filled in with masonry. Unfortunately void is often filled in haphazardly, with fragments of block & mortar. Norman has seen voids filled w/ newspaper coated w/ layer of concrete. A fire can easily penetrate this wall by burning through:

Answer 68

• The wooden joists or trusses
• (That requires line to be stretched to exposures, ceilings pulled & ventilation – to prevent fire from spreading to other blgs)

Question 69

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #69)

Top floor is obvious space (for fire to spread to other bldgs), but don’t ignore floors beneath the top as they will usually have a:

Answer 69

Truss loft that creates same situation & can occur beneath FFs working on the top floor.

Question 70

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #70)

Planning defensive strategy – items that may endanger ff’s & defeat strategy (1-mansard walls, 2-fire walls not really fire walls). Finally, be aware of fire that burns out ___ on fire side of party wall:

Answer 70

Joists or trusses

Question 71

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #71)

Planning defensive strategy – items that may endanger ff’s & defeat strategy (1-mansard walls, 2-fire walls not really fire walls). Finally, be aware of fire that burns out the joists or trusses on fire side of party wall – may result in some:

Answer 71

• Structural damage to the party wall itself.

* (If trusses collapses w/ sufficient force – may cause failure of wall in places)

Question 72

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #72)

(CFPC) – Even though lines are in place & have opened up ceilings on the safe side of your defensive fire barrier – don’t give up operations on the fire side of the wall. Cont. trying to knock down as much fire as poss from:

Answer 72

Safe position outside of collapse zone – using large handlines.

Or better ye – use tower ladder streams

Question 73

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #73)

(CFPC) – Stream placement will be:

Answer 73

• Sweep streams along ceilings,
• Parallel to & as near as possible to;
• Walls you are trying to protect –
• Without causing further damage to wall from stream itself.

Question 74

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #74)

In many of the newer style homes, the party wall consists of:

Answer 74

• 2 layers of 5/8” firecode gypsum board on each side of a metal stud.
• (this type of ‘firewall’ is easily damaged by line operating in close proximity – which could be reason fire gets by wall of FFs not careful)

Question 75

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #76)

The cellar or basement (in garden apts) is often the location of the ___ and is the source of a significant number of fires:

Answer 75

Common laundry facilities

Question 76

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #77)

Common cellar area (in garden apts) has all fire spread potential & difficulties of ___ & ___ as does the common cockloft…(cont. on nc):

Answer 76

Limited access to & ventilation

Question 77

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #78)

Common cellar area (in garden apts) has all fire spread potential & difficulties of limited access to & ventilation as does the common cockloft – but is even more dangers due to:

Answer 77

Its location – under the entire row of bldgs.

So the upward spread of fire targets multiple apts quickly.

Question 78

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #79)

Especially in the case of common crawl spaces, stream access is extremely limited. ___ (which tactics) may be all that stands between a quick knockdown & total loss of a large # of apartments:

Answer 78

• Early cutting of 1st floor, and;

* Use of cellar pipes, distributors or the bent tip.

Question 79

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #80)

1 of the difficulties that FFs face when dealing with fires in rows of attached bldgs such as garden apts or THs is clearly identifying:

Answer 79

Where they are operating when inside the structure.

Question 80

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #81)

Difficulty FFs face when dealing w/ fires in rows of attached bldgs (garden apts or THs) is identifying where they are operating when inside the structure. 1 of the 1st issues to identify what will be called the:

Answer 80

Original fire apt or fire bldg

Question 81

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #82)

15-24: Units arriving at an advanced fire in row of THs will often be dispatched to 1 of the exposures w/out a clear picture of where they operating in relation to the main body of fire or other companies – chaos is result. A clear designation of (2) is essential to safe handling of the incident:

Answer 81

• What is the fire bldg &

* What each exposed bldg is called

Question 82

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #83)

When fire is showing from 2 areas on arrival – you will have to make an ___ decision and work from there.

Answer 82

Arbitrary

Question 83

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #84)

When fire is showing from 2 areas on arrival – you will have to make an arbitrary decision at times and work from there. Then you can apply a ___ system:

Answer 83

Exposure identification system

Question 84

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #85)

Exposure identification system – for attached bldgs, the system begins as for a single bldg → Exposure 1 is:

Answer 84

• Exposure 1 – street in front of original fire bldg.
• E2 – bldg immediately to the left.
• E3 – bldg behind fire bldg.
• E4 – bldg immediate to the right.

Question 85

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #86)

Exposure identification system – When dealing with garden apts or THs, system must be expanded since there may be 10 bldgs to right & 10 more to the left. Exposures to the left & right are:

Answer 85

• 1st bldg to left → exposure 2,
• 2A is 2nd, 2B is 3rd, etc.
• 1st bldg to right → exposure 4,
• 4A is 2nd, 4B is 3rd, etc
  .
  • (note: DFD uses B1, B2, etc & D1, etc)

Question 86

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
(NC #87)

The challenge of accurately locating all personnel increases when there are:

Answer 86

Rear entrances accessible to units that may not have seen the front of the bldg b4 operating.

(additional care needed to ensure that command knows exactly where all units are operating)

Question 87

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires

Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #88)

The largest losses in these complexes (THs & garden apts) normally occur when:

Answer 87

They are being built

Question 88

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #89)

The largest losses in these complexes (THs & garden apts) normally occur when they are being built. The most dangerous stage of this process is called:

Answer 88

The open-framed stage

Question 89

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #90)

The open-framed stage when:

Answer 89

• All the wall, floor & roof supports are in place;
• With exterior plywood siding & roof decking, but none of the –
• Interior gypsum board, doors or windows.

Question 90

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #91)

The name of the stage that allows extremely fast, hot fires to grow & spread rapidly from 1 surface to another:

Answer 90

The open-framed stage

fires in this stage have devastated blocks of homes under construction

Question 91

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #92)

15-26: The open-framed stage of construction is the most dangerous in terms of ___ risk:

Answer 91

Conflagration

make sure water supplies are adequate for the hazard & turned on b4 construction begins

Question 92

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #93)

15-27: Open-framed development fires – such fires requires a large caliber stream just to reach the fire due to the ___ they produce:

Answer 92

Radiant heat

Question 93

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #94)

15-28: Engine companies responding to fires in bldgs under construction should be prepared to place a ___ into operation immediately on arrival:

Answer 93

Master stream

Question 94

Ch. 15: Norman – Garden Apartments & Townhouse Fires
Section: The Open-Framed Stage (NC #95)

A large line is supposed to do what:

Answer 94

Provide enough volume & reach to hit the bldgs ahead of the fire & prevent their ignition.